International Financial Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Financial inform - Essay ExampleIt is expected that the framework would assist the IASB in not only developing spick-and-span international accounting formation standards, but also in the revision of the existing ones. It may also befriend in reducing the many alternative accounting treatments which are outlined by various accounting standards and regulations (Pounder, 2009).The conceptual framework presents key issues relating to the preparation and presentation of the monetary statements. These include objectives, underlying assumptions, qualitative characteristics, actualization and measurement of elements of the financial statements, and the concepts of capital management. Though there are other ways measuring the elements of the financial statements, historical cost is the most commonly used by entities. This basis renders accounting information of slight value in the prediction of future performances of the entities.Before the insertion of a conceptual f ramework, the accounting system could be said to have been rule base, governed by rules on how to treat each and each transaction. Such a system was inflexible and rigid but it promoted excellent comparison of financial performances. Contrastingly, the introduction of a conceptual framework which is principle based has led to the development of accounting standards from a generally accepted conceptual basis with clear and specific objectives. It could be argued that the conceptual framework ensures that the information in the financial statements present a true and fair view financial position of the entity. This means that based on the management estimates and judgment, the financial information presented is fairly accurate. It could also be taken to mean that the financial information does not have material errors, and the users of such information can used it to make meaning(prenominal) decisions.It is also worth

Analysis of the attempted merger of AT&T and T- Mobile Research Paper

Analysis of the attempted spinal fusion of AT&T and T- Mobile - Research Paper ExampleBoth the organizations contended that the proposed optical fusion lacks the capability to venture the wireless service emulation. They stated that other wireless service plyrs can easily replace the competition lost because of merger and the merger would dwarf the assembles of anti-competition. AT&T hoped to buy T-mobile from Deutsche Telecom with the cut through amounting to 39 billion dollars. With the effect of the deal AT&T became the largest mobile phone service provider in United States as the deal came with more than 33 million subscribers. If the deal would put up been accepted AT&T would have enjoyed a merchandise sh are of 43% widening the gap with the competitors and (Communications Workers of America, 2011). Research questions Whether the attempted merger between AT&T and T-mobile good or not. Literature criticism and Analysis Some researchers posed the thought that the merge r would contribute to enhance the market power. The wireless market as well as the post paid market is highly concentrated at the topic level using the brink of guidelines of Horizontal Merger. The concentration falls in the range where DOJ and FTC conclude. The guidelines provide that concentration and market shares are measured on revenue basis. The revenues are attributable to the facilities based carriers in the wireless market. Using Herfindahl-Hirschman index they showed that the approach will contribute to enhance market power. It was found that T-mobile go along to be the significant competitor within the market structure (The New York Times. 2011). The other competitors did not have the capability to deal with the slack that resulted from the elimination of T-mobile from the framework of competition. The efficiency claims of AT&T were overstated and the efficiencies resulted from the merger was not good enough to overcome the effects of anti-competition. It was also found that the merger was likely to accession the competitive disadvantages for the other players in the market (Besen, Kletter, Moresi, Salop and Woodbury, 2012). The costs got higher while the quality standard got reduced. The effect was also felt on roaming services by limiting the access of the players on leading bound handsets. The competitive significance of the players would have suffered and would have led to recreation of wireless duopoly. The prices of wireless services barbarian and reversion to effective duopoly would reverse the gains from wireless competition. The merging companies were not offering unalikeiated products at different local prices on the basis of local conditions of competition. Therefore it was necessary to evaluate the competitive effects of discipline market as well as the separate conditions in different local markets (The Centre of Media Justice, 2012). If concerns are found at the national level then it would not be possible for the concerns to ta ke do by of the localized markets. At one time the Guidelines of merger stated that only small antitrust markets would be analyzed but the approach is ignored by antitrust agencies policies. If the deal would have really interpreted place the consumers would have been harmed by two waves. The current customers of T-mobile will now have to opt for AT&Ts expensive phones and data plans rather than the value priced smart phones and cheap data plans. The important aim of AT&T in the merger was to create a

Explore the relationship between the material and the spiritual in Essay

explore the relationship between the literal and the spiritual in Beowulf and The millers Tale - Essay ExampleGeoffrey Chaucers The Millers Tale is the second part of the Canterbury Tales and narrated by the alcoholic Miller and is a vulgar fable, represent debauchery in contrast to the heroism underlined in Beowulf. Both Beowulf and the Millers Tale stir been interpreted as using biblical analogies and allegories and the focus of this paper is to explore the relationship between the material and spiritual in Beowulf and the Millers Tale.If we firstly consider Beowulf , it is evident that the recurrent themes of war, tragedy and exhalation and military heroism are pertinent to historic patterns charitable behaviour whilst simultaneously providing a get ahead depiction of Anglo Saxon cultural norms. Moreover, French Historian de Certeau argues that history aims at calming the dead who smooth haunt the present, and at offering them scriptural tombs (Certau, 1998). Additionally , Certau highlights that the various themes and use of language in Beowulf convey the smell of inevitability through labor of death and a labor against death (Certau, 1998, p.5). This is further reflected in Beowulf by the denial of death and references to fear, loss and death.If we further consider the development of literary historicism, Foucaults vision propounds that human behaviour is innately driven by motivation for power, which is clearly mirrored in Beowulf (Foucault, 1979, p22). Furthermore, in stage setting of the medieval period within which Beowulf is set, there is clearly a dichotomy between philology, which studies the words and refreshful historicism, which considers the historicism context (Frantzen, 1990, p114). Moreover, Philology posits that to understand lot, the literary language must be understood whereas historicism indicates that to comprehend the language, the people must be understood for example the Anglo-Saxon gift culture represented assertion of

Niger Delta insurgency and its aftermath Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Niger Delta insurgency and its aftermath - prove Example167-168). Indeed, the conflict entails the Boko Haram against Nigeria militancy used to address the Niger Delta situation (Akpan, Ekanem, & Olofu-Adeoye, 2014, p. 151). Notably, the insurgency has led to increased suffering, knowledgeable assaults, harassment, and oppression in the region. The adverse effects of the Niger Delta insurgency call for policy recommendations and adoption of DDR program in the region.The history of Niger Delta conflicts from 1990 to 2004 involves an investigation of the causes and dynamics of the crisis that evolved from ethnic-based protests against in the 90s to the current Niger Delta insurgency that defines a global problem (Nwajiaku-Dahou, Obi, 2012, p. 167-168). tidy sum Saro-Wiwa initiated the process of condemning and exposing the suffering experienced by Niger Deltans in the 1990s (Sampson 2009, p. 31-32). Notably, Ken used nonviolent and non-violent strategies to address the problem thro ugh the Movement for the Emancipation of the Ogoni People founded in 1992 (Afinotan & Ojakorotu 2009, p. 192-193). Moreover, through the Ogoni Bills of Rights established in 1990, Niger Deltans demonstrated their quest to regain their human dignity and fundamental human rights (Sampson 2009, p. 32). However, the Nigeria Mobile Police world power was brutal in managing peaceful youth protests that opposed the activities of Shell (Ojakorotu & Gilbert 2010, p. 5). The militancy used by the federal government led to the rise of Islamic radical youth, Boko Haram that sought to create a unbending Islamic state in the north that would address the sufferings and ills propagated by the militancy in Niger Delta (Afinotan & Ojakorotu 2009, p. 192-193).Moreover, between 1993 and 1996, the Nigerian government formed the Rivers State Internal Security Task Force to repress, harass, suppress, humiliate, and detain members of MOSOP

Core Elements of Islamic Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Core Elements of Moslem Finance - Essay ExampleThis aims to disc everyplace that the target and purpose of the Islamic finance industry benefit the society by balancing apparitional needs with material pursuits, as nearly as social and individual needs. This paper will controvert ways in which Islamic finance can be seen as an innovative way that could substantively delineate finance and also why it is substantively different from conventional finance. Core Elements of Islamic Finance Islamic finance is different from conventional banking and the core notion behind it is that God (Allah) owns all the wealth in the world, over which man is only a trustee. Humans, therefore, have an obligation to manage the wealth in accordance with the commands of Allah that suppress activities which do not promote justice (Rammal & Zurbruegg 69). One major reason for imposing Islamic ethics and law on finance is to promote and uphold social justice, since Islam is deemed to be inseparable fro m social justice. Islamic finance is based on the core perspective that prohibits the practice of usury, which means lending money to progress to interest, also known as riba. Sharia law defines it as an excess compensation that has no imputable consideration. Effectively, this underlying incidentor redefines finance from the Islam point of view. However, it does not expressly preclude an agreed-upon return on enthronization by the transacting parties, where any reference to interest only sets standards for the return on investment for transparency purposes. The significance is that interest is not used in the transaction, although capital is not just provided to investors without a return. This concept stems from the fact that Sharia law does not recognize money as having intrinsic value, but kinda, only as a measure of value whose use should not be paid for. This makes Islamic finance an plus based industry, in contrast to the currency based conventional finance system, and investments are structured on the ownership or exchange of assets, with money only acting as a payment sensitive to effect transactions (Rammal & Zurbruegg 73). Innovations of Islamic Finance Islamic financial institutions have taken advantage of whatsoever of the misgivings of conventional finance and launched innovative initiatives that have supported their steady progress. Deficiencies have led people to examine alternatives and move away from the conventional system. The strong ethical orientation, on which Islamic finance is based, as well as the connection of the movement of Islamic finance with the modern resurgence of Islamic civilization, is appealing veritable(a) to non-Muslims. Islamic finance has the potential to establish a closer link between financial and literal segments of the economy. Innovative products like Musharakha and Mudaraba, which mean equity participation and partnership financing respectively, ensure profit overlap that is based upon partnership pr inciples (Timur 791). Another Islamic view of finance is that it emphasizes on risk and profit sharing, rather than the notion of risk transfer as seen in conventional finance and banking. For example, the Murabaha product (which refers to a cost-plus sale) and other trade-based finance modes undertake trade with a mark-up and facilitate financing on short-term stern in a similar fashion to purchase finance in conventional finance. However, the difference is that a bank may buy an asset from a seller and agree on the

Crucial Functions in a Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crucial Functions in a Business - Term Paper Exampleic?, Indihar and Kovac?ic?, 2008). Administrators are involved in a wide range of activities related to budgeting and observe to recruitment of the new staff. well-nigh of the routine administrative tasks involve opening mails, sending emails ands faxes as well as filing. In addition to the routine activities, separate obligations take away application of expertise and creativity such as staff meetings, arranging travel and cardinal assignments, researching information and arranging crucial events such as sale conferences or interviews. The administration function is likewise involved in purchasing new hardware for the parentage and handling external customers who rate the transaction on the manner in which their inquiries are handled. Inefficient administration function is disastrous to the reputation as well as the companys image. Issues such as lost orders, miscommunication of the messages, disparagely typed letters and wrong scheduling of meetings or interview may lead to loss of customers. Effective administration enables the management to deoxidise on other roles necessary for business growth. Finance Function According to Finch (2010), the finance function is the most crucial segment of a business enterprise. This is because all departments in a business enterprise require fiscal resources for them to thrive. The staffs serving under the function records the financial inflow and outflow to enable the business managers mark the amount of profit that each department is making and be updated on the amount of money shortly at the disposal of the business. This enhances accuracy in financial decisions as the information that is used is accurate and credible. Some of the roles of the finance department intromit production of invoices, confirming the receipt of payments, following up on overdue payments, financial recording, paying for the received orders, production of the annual statutory requir ements, and preparation of payrolls as well as payment of salaries. The finance function is also involved in roles requiring expertise and skills such as monitoring of the departmental budgets in ensuring that the departmental heads are not mismanaging funds, perpetual issuance of departmental budgets, and production of regular financial reports for the managers as well as playing an advisory role to the senior managers on financial issues. Role of the Manager in administrative and Financial Functions of a Business Role of Managers in the Administrative Function The administrative manager has a responsibility of overseeing the overall work performance of a business organization. The administrative duties of a manager include communicating the wishes of superior workers to the employees to ensure that the business plans function agree to the plan. Hron (2001) asserts that the manager is obligated to make decisions through analysis of various situations and deciding on the most cou ntenance course of action. The manager will also be bound towards instilling discipline and coaching employees to remediate their competency, improve their performance and eliminate those that do not contribute in helping the organization make its goals. The manager should also understand the selection and recruitment procedures required for choosing the most appropriate candidates for different roles inside the organization. The manager colludes with the administrators in delegation of accounting, payroll and paperwork. Other essential administrative roles of a manager include application of the information systems in enhancing output and ensuring that the office environment is suitable for performance as well as provision of adequate support to other managers and departments. Role of Managers

How to lose your weight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to lose your weight - Essay spokespersonWe try close totimes to keep attending the gym or going for five laps around the field of operations e very(prenominal) day. But, how m each times do we find ourselves missing due to many excuses and being commonplace? All these only show us how much we struggle to lose weight, by putting on the leadpower, but many a times we are weakened by our programs and weaknesses. Every superstar likes being lean, especially ladies. beingness lean helps us to live healthily with less susceptibility to dangerous diseases such as obesity, high-blood pressure, nerve centre attack and cardiac arrest among others. We, therefore, employ various practices to help us lose weight to win this state. However, some of the practices we employ have other effects on us, if we dont do them right. In this essay, our main centralize will be on some practices we employ to help us lose weight and their manageable effects on our health.One main reason slew gain weight faster is the wasted amounts of food they intake, especially the carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are rich in calories that can make us fat very fast. To help us avoid increasing weight due to excess intake of carbohydrates, we can use up our appetite to allow us take less food and eat appropriately. Adequate portions of food should be taken, and this should be balanced for a balanced diet. We should reduce the number of times they eat per day and perish used to leaner diets. A lot of proteins should be included in every food portions one would server.In as much as this method works to help people lose weight, some people overdo it, which causes negative effects to their health. Instead of just reducing the quantities of food that they take, some people end up starving since they want to lose weight faster. Starving has negative effects that will leave one very weak and susceptible to many diseases still. Conditions such as ulcers may as well as come in when one starves too much. Some people also decline to take carbohydrates and any food portion with fat at all. This may also make one grow

Faxed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Faxed - Essay role modelTraditional methods of teaching and assessment are increasingly being questioned in the light of self efficaciousness a factor that has not been taken into consideration previously in assessing learning outcomes but which is suitable more and more relevant in todays commandmental context. According to Fullan (2001), leading in a culture of change is about unlocking the mysteries of living organizations. On this basis old and established systems of education are increasingly being found in need of reform. Structural reforms have been mooted in the educational system, in order to bring about changes in teaching and learning practices (Cohen, 1995).The E 2020 computer schedule has been designed for the use of special education scholars in high school. It consists of computerized lessons and tests and each student works each on these programs. The use of technology as an aid to learning, especially for high school, career oriented students has been shown to depart in positive payoffs in monetary value of enhancing student achievement at several high schools.(Readers wear 2002). The use of computers enables students to take responsibility for their own learning and thereby enhances their self efficacy, producing better results in terms of achievement.These aspects must be taken into consideration by teachers in order to enhance self efficacy of students and maximize the potentially beneficial effects of using the E 2020 computer program to enhance student achievement.The first aspect identifies the importance of addressing the concerns of the minorities within a majority setting in order to verify that they are able to develop self efficacy. This would require that differences need to be accounted for and addressed. As an example, the theories of Michael Gurian have highlighted the fact that boys are not faring well under the current educational systems and

Discuss inequality in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Programme Essay

Discuss inequality in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Programme (SAWP) in relation to employment and citizenship - Essay ExampleThe employment for immigrant seasonal agricultural workers is fast rising as the industry expands. However, there had been many complaints of abuses and practices of inequality in the treatment of the seasonal-hired workers even if the manual of arms tasks in the uprise for the farm growers were rejected by Canadians and residents themselves. This paper will discuss how SAWP and non-citizenship of workers lead to practices of inequality and abuse. Discussion The SAWP has superb intensions to fill in the need for more workers for economic growth, and provide employment for foreigners who need them. They were chosen for sexual practice (mostly males), hold in commitment at home or dependents to make them want to return (temporary) and from needy countries without lands to coin bank and poor (Preibisch and Ecalada Grez, 297). However, many of these seaso nal workers report negative experiences of inequality from their employers and local co-workers. The documentary film El Contrato of Min Sook Lee showed the stark condition of Mexican contract workers in Canada under the SAWP. The film finished the accounts of several workers narrates allegations of exploitation to the point of slavery for these short-termed workers. Accusations ran from seven-days a week of continued work, taxed salaries which were said to be provided to them in full at $7/hour of work time, cramped living quarters, farm factory kitchens without chairs for dining, forced work more than the specified hours in their contract (Preibisch and Ecalada Grez, 298) and even reduced salaries. The film also showed how the workers sought-after(a) to form dialogue with their employers and consulate, and sought help whichever way they can. However, despite the promises, the abusive practices of the workers supervisors of yelling, physical attack, reduced compensations, wellne ss hazards and accidents, wish of medical assistance, among others, were sustained. Preibisch and Ecalada Grez (297) spoke of other abuses on workers that include segregation of workers, and preference for majority of males for manual and work requiring carrying of loads, while females for fruit handling and packaging. These practices were seen to be reinforced by their status as non-migrants and non-citizens who have no legal option to become migrants and citizens. The SAWP was an answer to the refusal of residents and Canadians to tackle agricultural work for reasons of low wages, dangerous and unacceptable working conditions, its seasonal character, and poorly regulated labor environment (Sharma, 248). The farm jobs given the SAWP workers have been described as 3D- dirty, dangerous and difficult (Villegas, 9 Lecture notes). Another unacceptable practice is the lack of safety among workers such as the absence of information of the dangers posed by pesticide exposures, farm machi neries and equipment. Seasonal workers be not aware that these are threats to their health. Where there was harm done, medical attention was also delayed if provided at all. Since, these workers live in the farm, their employers provide housing. However, most of these housing units were substandard (Lee, film Sharma, 249). These has been seen to be promoted in discriminate by Bill C-11 introduced in March 2001 of which there is increased security in Canadian borders, provide of flexible employment terms for

Comparison of the U.S. Healthcare System with the United Kingdom and Essay

Comparison of the U.S. Healthc be System with the united farming and Canada - Essay ExampleThe join States healthcare is provided primarily by the private firmament the government provides about 65 percentage of all(a) the healthcare insurance opus the rest is provided by the private sector insurance. The unite States healthcare uses the highest metre of money in the world per person as compared to other countries, though its structure leaves over 16 percent of its citizens with no checkup cover or policy. While the United States healthcare is de modify, the United Kingdom has a semi-centralized healthcare system whereby each country has its own healthcare that is free to all residents. The United Kingdom healthcare has a relatively small private sector as compared to the public sector that spends much less than the United States, at 8 percent. Canada, on the other hand, has a fully centralized system funded by the government with the private sector only covering the medical procedures not cover by the governments system. Though elaborate, Canadas healthcare system only accounts for about 10 percent of the gross domestic product, much less than that of the United States.In the United States, 40 million residents are not covered by any healthcare insurance, in contrast with the United Kingdom and Canada, whose medical care is free for all mainly because the latter two largely depend on taxes while the former depends on the contributions of individuals. According to residents of the three countries, Canadas have the greatest level of satisfaction in their healthcare system, followed by United Kingdom residents while United States residents are the most dissatisfied. In addition, the United States healthcare is the most expensive among the three.

Instrumentation System Assignment Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Instrumentation scheme Assignment - Lab Report ExampleThe improved version contains some additional features like a backlit display that can be used in low light conditions and a housing that enables optimal viewing when rotated. Other user-programmable functions of the DG-10-E include auto power-off, tare function, and password protection (Wika.com, 2015).DG-10 has the capabilities of handling pressure levels of up to 5000 psi. The actor has a display accuracy of 0.25% B.F.S.L. Its high accuracy, long-term stability and excellent repeatability makes it preferable to most users. The DG-10 has got applications in mechanical engineering, hydraulics/ pneumatics, pumps/ compressors and service industries.Pressure is applied to the pressure sensors within the equipment. These sensors can either be resistive, capacitive or piezoelectric crystals. A pressure on the crystals causes a generation of electric up-to-date due to the piezoelectric effect. Since the generated voltages are sli ght, an amplifier is used to amplify the output to a readable value. The output is in analog form due to the analog sinusoidal voltage output from the transducers. The analog to digital converter is thus used to convert the analog output to produce its digital counterpart for ease of reading. The terminal output is displayed on a digital display screen.The experiment discussed below uses a bourdon pressure grass in the calibration process. Pressure in both liquids and gases of different types are mostly metric using the bourdon pressure gauge. The reason being the low prices of the equipment, and accurate results achieved from the instrument. The device is also fail-safe and simple to operate. High pressure and vacuum measurements apply the use of bourdon tubes. The bourdon tubes form crucial components of most devices used to measure various types of pressure, including absolute, gauge and differential pressures.A Bourdon pressure gauge mainly consists of a tube that has been

Rising to the Call with Sound Political Leadership Research Paper

Rising to the Call with Sound Political Leadership - Research cover ExampleThrough wise decisions, meaningful and sincere rhetoric, and the ability to assert his authority as needed, prexy Abraham Lincoln was an example of a true drawing card indoors the American political landscape. Leadership in the political arena requires a certain amount of detachment from sentimentality so that decision make can be done without the burdens of emotions that will cause too long of hesitation in action. This doesnt mean that emotions are not present, but that they can be controlled in order to act within a larger framework of the greater good. Vivian Holliday, professor of history from the College of Wooster, discusses the nature of leadership as it is presented by both Machiavelli and Socratic/Platonic principles. She states that Machiavelli is the principal founder of a realist hypothesis of leadership that portrays politics as a pure struggle for power in which all moral considerations ar e set aside, and that focuses the theory and practice of leadership on success as measured solely in terms of the encyclopaedism and maintenance of power and the protection and promotion of the interests of the nation-state or some other political collectivity (Holliday 51). ... Holliday also includes in her discussion the more idealistic Socratic/Platonic concept of political leadership suggesting that it should be indurate with the Machiavellian concepts. Through this interpretation of political leadership, the leader is integrally connected to followers and to morals, his or her platform, and noble-mindedness defining a virtue with which he or she leads. Holliday states that The rhetorical strategy of this image of the ideal philosopher-leader is once more most visible when we consider critically the image of new leadership that is vested with Socratic/Platonic experience and virtue and that leads through dialogue and education (63). This also suggests that beyond the connect ivity to followers and morals, a good leader uses communication and academically founded intelligent consideration in leading his people through whatever date that arises.

Toyota Operations Exposure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Toyota Operations Exposure - Assignment ExampleThis paper is aimed at the provision of an in-depth analysis of the impact of the exchange rate movements in the manufacturing and gross revenue of Toyota in europium. The paper begins by providing the reasoning behind a prospicient time it took for Toyota to shift manufacturing of atomic number 63 sales operations to europium, followed by an analysis of the impact of British Pound joining the European Monetary on Toyota, short-term and long-run problems that faced Toyota, and solutions to the determined problems provided. The reasons for the Toyota taking so long in moving manufacturing operations to Europe sales to Europe include the capital intensiveness and complexity of manufacturing action. The need for Toyota enjoying economies of scale and scope in the deed of vehicles destined for global locations and avoiding the capital requirements for the development of manufacturing locations in Europe. The possibility of increasing pr oduction in lacquer at a low cost per unit would adopt been the other reason behind the long period taken by Toyota to set up manufacturing plants and capacities in Europe until 2004. The lack of manufacturing plants in Europe resulted in losses to Toyota in Europe sales owing to an operational exposure that arose from the euro losing value compared to the Japanese Yen (Khan & Jain, 2007, 35). The reasons for Toyota continuing to incur losses through not setting up manufacturing plants in Europe include the need to maintain competitiveness in the Europe market (Kandil, 2000, 4). Another reason that could have made Toyota take time in making the decision to set up manufacturing plants in Europe for Europe sales is the large size of the company with massive production capabilities in Japan. The large amounts ofproduction in Japan allowed for efficiency, greater employee understanding, high technology and smooth operations, factors that must be developed in new manufacturing plants a ffecting the ability of the company to deliver quality and at a lower cost.

Business Paper- Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Paper- Ethics - Essay ExampleThe executives got greedy and started an unethical and illegal accounting rook that cook up the numbers of overstating assets by capitalizing expenses while at the same time recognizing revenue that did not exist. The unethical expression of this firm caught up to it and by 2002 the company filed bankruptcy and liquidated the little assets that were left going away thousands of people out of work and out of a pension plan (Time). This paper discusses ethical deportment in the business conception by providing related principles, theories and by providing real life examples of ethical behavior in the business environment.The ethical actions of a company and its collective efforts involved all the companys stakeholders including customers, employees, vendors, suppliers, governmental agencies, shareholders, lenders among other stakeholders. A company must establish a formal code of moral philosophy to ensure consistency and to establish a clear set of guidelines concerning acceptable and unacceptable behavior. An example of an nerve that established a code of ethics for its enrolled membership is the Society of Professional Journalist. This organization set standards in its code of ethics regarding the work task and behavior of its members such asA corporate dodge that has gained a lot of popularity which is related to correct ethical behavior is social responsibility. Social responsibility is a businesss obligation to maximize its positive impact and minimize its negative impact on society (Ferrell, et. al. 39). Firms with corporate responsibility philosophies care about the environment, its customers, the community around the company and the economic wellspring being of its employees and shareholders. A company that has very respectful and effective social responsibility strategy is the world largest retail coffee chain retail store, Starbucks. Starbucks believes that strengthening its relationship with external stakeh olders by utilizing communication and

Even though getting news from Facebook is quick and easy, newspapers Research Paper

Even though getting watchword from Facebook is quick and easy, intelligence agencypapers atomic number 18 more accurate - Research Paper ExampleSensationalism in newsprint and on television system is often blamed for the actions of, not only individuals, but entire nations and g all overnments. (joseph p.33) The most invaluable indicator employ to evaluate the quality of news information is imbibed in its aptitude to actuate and deem the genuine motives bolstering events, occurrences and news items. With the current information backlog, dispensing of quality information involves understanding rather than exposing, giving explanations rather than mere account about facts, of which are already in the public domain through social media. It is with this that newspaper articles eclipse supreme in not only relaying accurate information but which is well researched. They therefore get along in as a necessity in modern life. Reading newspapers comes with a myriad of advantages over utilizing Facebook and social media.Firstly newspapers ensure that we are up to speed with the current world affairs. They provide news which extends from our door step to the village, town, country and the globe with unchallenged professionalism. It stretches our knowledge base beyond the limit guaranteeing a feeling of owning the world. Through liaising with various news agencies newspapers remain in touch with different parts of the world. On the other hand information on Facebook in basically based on the administrators discretion. The administrator of a certain group chooses steamy topics to boost the groups pursuit based on their desires which pre-disposes those who believe on such information to erroneous info. Why has elegance found so little following? That is the reality of it. Elegance has the disadvantage, if thats what it is, that hard work is needed to achieve it and a good education to appreciate it(Hargitai p.4)A lot of information is passed across through newspape rs. This extends to courtroom decisions. News on commerce is published for capitalist, Cinema, Radio and television lovers can look up in them for the

Is skill in implementing coordinated information technology really a Essay

Is skill in implementing coordinated instruction technology really a emulous advantage for a firm Why or why not - Essay Examplent of the effective human resource and sphosticated technology establshment is simlimy intended for taking a better competetive edge or is alike aimed at improving the business, operations managemnt, business managnet and corporate processes handling. This paper will analyze and assess the respond of this question. This paper will likewise outline differetnt aspects of information technology implementation regarding the corporate business opertions enhancment or simply taking a better competetive edge.Data are collection of unprocessed facts demonstrating events occurring in firms or the physical environment prior to they have been structured and organized into a structure that people tail end identify and make use of these facts. Data can include text, numbers, images and videos. On the other hand, information refers to information that have been pr ocessed or transformed into a form that is valuable and functional to human beings (Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005, p. 6 Norton, 2001, p. 4 Laudon & Laudon, 1999, p. 7). Oz Effy (2008) states that decision making and problem solving both require information. Decision making is spanking part of everyone life, as people perform theirs tasks, play games, communicate or do anything they need information. In a corporation gathering the accurate information efficiently, storing properly so that it could be utilized and manipulated when needed, also making use of it to assist the firm or individuals to accomplish personal or business objectives. Therefore, the primary(prenominal) intention of information technology implementation is to facilitate and support the above mentioned areas. We can utilize and use these understanding and information for getting the success in all the areas. In a corporation an information corpse (IS) encompasses hardware, data, telecommunications, activitie s, software, and workers. Oz Effy (2008) mentioned that, an increasing number of ISs are modules of a huge enterprise system, like ERP or SCM system (Oz, 2008 Laudon &

Beer industry Essay Example for Free

Beer application EssayThis case is heartd on the European create from raw material industry and examines how the increasely competitive pressure of direct within global trainets is causing consolidation through acquisitions, alliances and c/osures within the industry. This has resulted in the growth of the beer makers corporate trust upon super brands. ln the first decade of the twenty-first century, European brewers faced a surprising paradox. The traditional centre of the beer industry worldwide, and still the largest regional grocery store, Europe, was turning off beer. Beer consumption was falling in the largest markets of Ger many a(prenominal) and the United Kingdom, eon burgeoning in emerging markets around the world. China, with 7 per cent annual growth, had become the largest single market by tidy sum, while Brazilian volumes had overtaken Germany in 2005 (Euromonitor, 2006). Table 1 det troubles the overall decline of European beer consumption. exacerbate in t raditional to several factors. Governments key markets is ascribable such as Tesco or Carrefour, which often wont eut-priee offers on beer in order to lure people into their shops. argon campaigning hardly against inebriated driving, bear on the More th an one- ordinal of beer volume is now sold propensity through supermarkets. to drink beer in restaurants, pubs and German retailers such as bars.There is increasing aw atomic number 18ness of the effects of Aldi and Lidl have had considerable alcoholic drink on health and fitness. Particularly ln the United their own private-Iabel Kingdom, there is growing hostility towards so-called beers. However, although on-trade volumes are fallin_ binge drinking, in Europe, the gross revenue values are rising, as brewers excessive alcohol consumption in pubs and clubs. Wines have also become increasingly introduce higher-priced success with (rather th an brewery-branded support products such pop in Northern European markets.However, a s extra-cold beer consumption other hand, a good deal of this increasing demand per capita varies wiclely between laagers or fruit-flavoured beers. On the countries, being four times higher in Germany than for premium products is being satisfied by the in Italy, for example. Some traditionally import of appa schismly exotic beers from overseas consumption low- European markets have been (see Table 2). showing good growth. Brewers main purchasing The drive against drunken driving and binge (accounting costs are promotional material for around half(a) of non-labour costs), ra drinking has helped slick sales from the on-trade material such as barley, and energy.The European (beer consumed on the premises, as in pubs or packaging restaurants) to the off-trade (retail). Worldwide, the industry is highly concentrated, by international companies off-trade increased from 63 per cent of volume in and Owens-Illinois 2000 to 66 per cent in 2005. The off-trade is Dutch brewer Heineken compl ained increasingly dominated by large supermarket chains dominat such as Crown in cans in glass bottles.During 2006, rise in packaging costs. of an 11 per c GLOBAL FORCES AND THE EUROPEAN BREWIN (JY European beer consumption by country and year (000 hectolitres) 1980 2001 2000 2002 2003 2004 7651 8627 8734 8979 8881 8970 12945 10064 5452 4024 9703 5202 4136 20629 100385 4247 5536 9935 5181 4179 21420 103105 4288 5594 9986 5282 4085 21331 100904 4181 5625 9901.NIA NIA NIA NIA 4174 9539 417 8762 16289 472 16694 445 16340 440 12213 7651 3534 20065 3935 13129 2327 6453 29151 5011 4194 57007 12922 2290 6276 31126 4932 11985 2420 5948 30715 4998 4127 59384 6698 2738 23745 89820 land =-ance 3ennanyt NIA 3reece ay* ortugal Jain promised land vitzerland 4433 65490 - n-EU countries t1980 excludes 4141 58234 4862 4370 20200 95639 21168 97107 3905 5315 17452 94994 NIA NIA NIA 56 17194 17340 NIA NIA 12687 2490 6266 373 12771.2270 6008 33451 4969 4334 60302 12747 NIA 6224 NIA NIA 4635 4262 59195 4566 NIA NIA GOR. Figures adjusted. rce www. Brewersofeurope. org. able 2 Imports of beer by country Acquisition, tria = =elf1ce 3ennany .. 5reece _and Imports 2004 (% of consumption or drudgery =algium mark and Imports 2002 (% of consumption untry or production) 5. 1 4. 74 2. 6 2. 3 23 3. 1 4. 1 NIA 27. 15 NIA 3. 2 5. 4 oain 1. 1 11. 7 eden NIA 15. 4 10. 9 titzerland 3 licensing and strategie alliances have ail occurred as the leading brewers battle ta control the market.There are global pressures for consolidation due ta overcapacity within the industry, the need ta contain costs and benefits of leveraging 6. 4 strong brands. For example, Belgian brewer Interbrew 10. 2 NIA purchased parts of the old Bass Empire, Becks and 7. 3 31 Whitbread in 2001 and in 2004 inform a merger with Am Bev, the Brazilian brewery group, ta create 4 the largest brewer in the world, InBev. The due south NIA NIA largest brewer, the American Anheuser-Busch, 37 38. 4 14. 4 2002, South African Breweries acquired the Miller has been investing in China, Mexico and Europe. ln stem (USA) and Pilsner Urquell in the Czech NIA NIA NIA Republic, becoming fast-growing SABMilier.Sm aller players in Chinese and South American markets are being snapped up by the large international 18 15. 6 12. 3 brewers tao. Medium-sized is withdrawing Australian brewer Fosters from direct participation in many international . port figures do not embarrass beers brewed downstairs licence in home ntry countries vary in measuring 3ource www. brewersofeurope. org. % of production or consumption. markets, for example change its European brand-rights ta Scottish Newcastle. Table 3 lists the worlds top 10 brewing companies, accounted which for around half of world beer volumes.There remain many small specialist and regionalca CH APTER 2 THE ENVIRONMENT Table 3 The worlds top 10 brewery companies by volume 2005 Company Share global Country of origin volume (%) sales in 2005 of 313m, it is less than a twentieth of the size of Heineken. Its key products let in Grolsch premium lager and refreshing flavoured beers (Grolsch lemon and Grolsch pink grapefruit). ln The Netherlands InBev 10. 8 Brazil-Belgium Anheuser-Busch 9. 4 USA SABMilier.7. 3 South Africa (relocated to UK) Grolsch holds the rights for the sale and dispersion of the valued US Miller brand. About half its sales are obtained overseas, either through merchandise or licensing of production the United Kingdom is its Heineken 5. 7 Netherlands second largest market. ln 2005, Grolsch centralised Morelo 2. 9 Mexico its own production Carlsberg 2. 9 Oenmark to increase efficiency and volume, and opened a Coors 2. 6 USA sm ail extra TsingTao.2. 4 China Baltic Brewery Holdings 2. 2 Oenmark/UK Asahi 2. 1 Japan on a single new Dutch brewery trial brewery in order to support innovation. Innovation and branding are core to the go withs strategy. The company believes that its strong and Source Euromonitor International, The Worl d Brewing Industry. distinctive beers can succeed in a market of increased homogenisation.Brewers, such as the Dutch company Grolsch (see below) or the British Cobra Beer, originating in the Indian restaurant market. Its brand is reinforced by its striking green bottles and its unique swing-tops. InBev (Belgium/Brazil) InBev was created in 2004 from the merger of Belgian InterBrew and Brazilian AmBev. With a turnover of Four brewing companies 13. 3bn in 2006, it is the largest brewer in the world, Heineken (The Netherlands) different countries. Heineken is the biggest of the European brewery include Becks and Stella Artois.Through a series of businesses, and has three-quarters acquisitions, holding number one or number two positions in 20 of its sales in the region. Total sales in 2006 were 11. 8bn (EBbn). About 5 per cent of sales are in Asia-Pacific and Its well-known international brands InBev has become the second largest brewer in China. The company is hotdog about its strategy to 17 per cent of sales are in the Americas. The transform companys the world to the best. It aims to do this by building biggest brands are Heineken itself and Amstel.The company remains a family-controlled itself from the biggest brewing company in strong global brands and increasing efficiency. business, which it claims gives it the stability and Efficiency gains will come from more central independence coordination to mesh steady growth internationally. Heinekens strategy overseas is to use local anaestheticly acquired comparues as a means of introducing of purchasing, from the optimization the including media and IT of its inherited network of breweries and from the sharing of best practice Heineken brand to new markets.It aims to strengthen across sites internationally. local companies continue, InBev is now emphasising technology. by transferring expertise and The result is to create economies of scale Although acquisitions organic growth and rectifyd margins from its al ive businesses. for both the local beers and Kineken. Heinekens four priorities for action are to accelerate revenue growth, Scottish and Newcastle (UK) to improve efficiency and cost reduction, to speed Scottish and Newcastle is a European-focused up strategy implementation and to focus on those markets where the company believes it can win. brewing group based in Edinburgh.ln 2005, its turnover was f3. 9bn (5. 5bn). Its key brands include John Smiths, Kronenbourg, Grolsch (The Netherlands) Royal Grolsch NV is a medium-size brewing group, established Kanterbrau, Baltika and (in Europe) Fosters. It is the fourth largest brewer in international in 1615. With overall Europe in volume terms, and market leader in the UK, France and Russia.The company has made many GLOBAL FORCES AND THE EUROPEAN BREWING INDUSTRY . ions in the UK (including Bulmers eider), . Greece and Finland. The groups 50 per cent ent in Baltic Beverages has prone it exposure fast-growing ic countries. markets of Russ ia, Ukraine and ln China, Scottish and Newcastle a 20 per cent stake in CBC, the countrys brewery. ln India, the companys les is the countrys fifth United largest brewer, with the _- her brand. ln the USA, Scottish and Newcastle second largest importer of foreign beers. The , -r-,ny emphasises the development of innovative emium beers, and is closing down its more rent breweries.Questions 1 Using the data from the case (and any other sources available), carry out for the European brewing industry (i) a PESTEL analysis and (ii) a five forces analysis. What do you conclude? 2 For the four breweries depict above (or breweries of your own choice) explain (a) how these trends will impact differently on these different companies and (b) the relative strengths and weaknesses of from each one company.

How to fix Run On Sentences Essay Example for Free

How to fix onslaught On Sentences EssayObligation to make the Correct Assessment Change is a petrifying military issue to encounter when in dire situations. The feelings we contract, and the ambient emotions we experience, all intertwine with our day-to-day lives. In the event of an immediate decision, your decision, yourself is then and there obligated to make a verdict that could change the rest of your life. Throughout my animation I testament mother to make many decisions that could possibly change the rest of my life.In the turn up future I would like to work for a fortune 500 Business as a Chief Financial Officer (chief financial officer). As a CFO I am going to have to make certain financial decisions for the company, that could either put us in the hole, or up in the air on a economic scale. For example the DOW indicator for businesses has a lot to do with the CFOs job. I will have to make minute-to minute obligations some more important than others.For the conne ction I will be morally and efficaciously bound to them and obligated to make the business prosper. If sales and profit are up, along with those buying the stock the company will prosper, and so will my placement in the company. So by grasping these few concepts about obligations as workers, we can contribute separate to our place of work and therefore we can also sustain a better life-style.As a people if we are not legally and morally bound to our obligations, we have no purpose in the work force. Whether youre a Chief Financial Officer or an employee that works at McDonalds you will have to make decisions that are obligated to you if its for better or worse. Obligations are decisions are the legal and moral commitments made in order to sustain the value of existence. These choices must be made from date- to time that will ensure the sustainability of the task or problem at hand.

Professional Responsibilities Legislation Essay Example for Free

Professional Responsibilities edict EssayTeachers must meet their professional responsibilities consistent with the institutes (IFLs) professional values. (IFL) One of the IFLs many codes of professional practice. Upholding the code of conduct and relevant legislation is the basis for you as a teacher. Among the legislative body you hold to on a lower floorstand is the importance of the health and safety act (1974) it says all consorters are entitled to work in a safe environment where risks are properly controlled. The HSWA act is also the umbrella under which more specific regulations such as the Manual handling act 1992 (amended 2002) are made. Another thoroughgoing element of workplace health and safety management and also a legal requirement is RIDDOR the account of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations 1995.Also of great importance the childcare act 2006, it stipulates every child should get the invite they need to be healthy, safe, and enj oy and achieve economic wellbeing. As a teacher you also need to have your own professional values views, beliefs that will underpin your profession. A good teacher is more than a lecturer. (AMEE 2000) You are no longer a dispenser of information or a walking tape recorder but rather you are a facilitator or manager of the students learning. You are there to check off all learners have access to the same resources, the same support and you wearyt differentiate instead embrace and respect peoples differences and their choices. You are there to guide them, provide information and twisting suggestions. But it has to be a 2 way process, by helping them you will also ascend your skills because teaching is itself a learning process for the teacher (Joyce, Showers 2002).Everyone is different and you need to be prepared and have contingency plans for all levels of knowledge and skill you will find bored students make bad students. They dont just have a variety of levels but also di fferent learning styles, be sure to have a mix of kinaesthetic, visual and audio resources. You can use handouts with the camera book of instructions on, a video showing how it works, and then let them try themselves. It is your responsibility to ensure all students no matter how diverse are given equal learning opportunities that means assuming different roles. So for Learner X (names are confidential) you need to be firm, authoritative, Learner Y asks a lot of questions be prepared to listen and summarise, Learner Z needs more encouragement.

Ancient Near Eastern Thought And The Old Testament Essay Example for Free

Ancient costly east Thought And The elder Testament EssayThe opening chapter begins by orienting the subscriber to the brain of proportional study, or the bea of study that strives to get wind things in spite of appearance their broader cultural con schoolbook. In the case of this book, the inclination is to under standpoint the honest-to-goodness Testament in spite of appearance the con schoolbook of the Ancient Near Eastern milieu. Walton explains that e very(prenominal) posture the eld in that respect has been much debate on the issue of comparative study and the expressive style in which it is to be exercised. Scholars, al itinerarys biased by their presuppositions, tend to enter the argument negating the brilliance of the sexagenarian Testament on the nonp atomic number 18il side, or defending the inerrancy of Scripture so vehemently that the cultural context is lost. Walton poses a give f completely(a) out elbow room, namely, accepting the study of the Ancient Near Eastern cultures as crucial and academic in their put one over right(a) while attempting to comprehend the Old Testament in light of what modern scholarship is schooling near the antediluvian patriarch orbit.Studies of this time period often center around who borrowed what literature from whom, totally Walton insists that this is non the main issue that ought to be dealt with. Rather, studies of the literature and literary genres of the wizard and only(a) should assist in the broader understanding of the society. Walton observes some(prenominal) states that the text will deal with in further details. He setoff puts emphasis on appreciating the literary genres and how they pass away as a foundation to any quest into comparative studies. In order to understand the Old Testament in full, nonp aril m elderiness bash how the genres were written and how they ar to be interpreted within their cultural context. Secondly, Walton notes apparitional practice s and the necessity of understanding them clearly.Ritual sacrifices, priests, and ceremonial cleanliness are things that are foreign to endorsers in a modern context. Addition wholey, a crucial part of understanding the Old Testament is understanding not plainly the practices of the Israelites, except the practices of the former(a) the great unwashed groups that do up the ANE. Finally, it is important to understand the theology of a populate group and the broader attitudes of matinee idol and the graven images within the ANE in order to interpret the text well up. Walton closes the head start chapter by pointing out that comparative studies assists study of the Bible in at least four major areas (1) annals of the ANE, (2) archeological understanding of the lifestyle, (3) literature, and (4) language.CHAPTER 2Chapter two deals with the antithetic ways in which comparative studies are use within current scholarship. Walton first attends to the ways in which comparative s tudies are creation apply within decisive scholarship. As additional information is un macrocosmed nearly the ANE, many a(prenominal) of the desires once held in detailed scholarship buzz off been challenged. Previous assumptions about texts and thoughts, primarily based on evolution, are being reconsidered. small scholarship has a history of assuming that critical thought and religious practice had simple beginnings and have evolved through time. Research is showing these assumptions in source criticism,reaction criticism, and issues of dating to be incorrect in light of the info. Though, as Walton notes, there has been some resistance to comparative studies within the circles of critical scholarship, most of the data being provided is being accepted and studied at greater length.Walton overly notes the use of comparative studies in polemics and dismisses much(prenominal) uses imputable to the occurrence that the text is not approached in a scholarly manner. Scholars of a to a greater extent conservative persuasion, primarily Evangelicals, and others termed confessional scholars by Walton, have had a more difficult time adopting comparative studies. As further information has been gathered about the relation of the Pentateuch to ANE literature and as new data has arisen through archeology, confessional scholars have felt their longstanding foundations threatened, which has ca utilise their hesitancy to fully embrace comparative studies.Many tonicity that maintaining the Bibles singular status among other ANE literature is of supreme importance and shroud to argue that comparative studies degrades the inspiration of the text thus qualification faultlessions word subject to mans interpretation. Walton closes the chapter by proposing an integrated approach including critical analysis to better understand the history of the Bible, unbiased and educated defense of the scriptural text, and solid exegesis that guards the ingester from understan ding the text outdoor(a) of its context. Walton argues that the field of comparative studies must be important not only to serious scholars, besides also to any 1 committed to truly have it awaying and understanding the Word of beau thin male monarchl.CHAPTER 3Chapter tether is consecrated to a brief overview of the literary styles of the ANE and gives workouts of the styles from some of the primary plurality groups. The discussion begins with myth, which was one and only(a) of the primary ways that ancient civilizations explained their present objectiveity. Short examples from some(prenominal) cultures are given and include many parallels to the Biblical stories such as the intro account and the flood. Others bear little resemblance to the Bible such as the stories of the fighting gods of Akkadian myths. Next are literary texts and epics which tell the stories of the kings of different lands, their struggles to power, and their exploits while ruling. The most famous i s the Gilgamesh epic, which maintains Gilgamesh on his journey to find immortality. The third literary instance is ritual textswhich, as the name says, follow the rituals of the hoi polloi groups of the ancient world. Rituals were important as they helped humanity communicate with and persuade the gods. Fourth, Walton deals with vaticination and incantation texts which were utilize to divine the meanings of omens, undo slimy spells, and ward off bad spirits.These are dealt with at length laterwards in the book. Fifth, he explains the significance of the use of letters exchanged among kings gives the modern day subscriber noteworthy information about the culture of the onetime(prenominal). Walton then moves to royal inscriptions which were recordings ordered by kings. They could contain items such as details on how a building was to be constructed, conquests, details of how to handle their succession, and other mixed accomplishments and instructions. In a similar vein are annals and chronicles which detailed the succession of rulers through the history of an empire, coupled with their important victories in war. Treaties were another piece of literature that was used to establish rules between kings and rulers of different lands.The next section deals with government and points out law collections and legal documents as important literary devices. fleck law collections detail the ways in which society was to run and how citizenry were to behave, legal documents dealt with contracts for marriages, children, family estates, and court rulings. unearthly literature was also common in the Ancient Near East. Psalms and hymns were ways to give veneration to the gods so that they would be gratifyd and provide for the multitude. lore literature contained details about how to make legal choices, hardly also contained laments and writings concerning ethics. Prophetic writing was another important communication because it contained communication from t he gods which was a vital part of the life of the ancient cities. Kings sought answers to their problems from the gods and they received them through the prophets. These prophesies were often recorded. Walton closes the chapter by noting solarisedry(a) miscellaneous writings as well as archives, which were groups of literature often found together which contained all sorts of different information.CHAPTER 4Chapter four opens the third section of the book which is an overview of the religious views of the ANE. In order to fully understand the Old Testament and the interactions of the Hebrew passel with God, and other false gods, it is important to understand how the religious system worked.Throughout the chapter Walton shows how other empires idolizationed and compares those beliefs to beliefs held by Israel. First and foremost, the other race groups of the ANE were polytheistic and therefore, the idea of one God was odd in itself. Add to this the fact that the Israelite God wa s not made and had simply always been, and the oddities became significantly greater. Not only was the norm polytheistic, however there were great stories about how the gods came to be, their battles with one another, their failures, and their flaws. The gods were defined by the things that they did. Earlier chapters note the fact that the culture of this time period was highly cogitate on function. Again, due to the polytheism, the gods functioned as a team of sorts. The God of the Bible is, indeed, three in one, besides nonetheless one God who is all powerful.The Old Testament does make mention of a council that God used to make decisions, but this is altogether different from the unstable group of random gods of other mint groups which were finishly separate, with different gifts and skills, and with significant flaws. Walton then turns to the purposes that the gods played in the mankind as well as their attributes. Whereas Yahweh is completely outside of the cosmos, the gods of the ANE were associated with elements of the cosmos. So while Yahweh is the creator of the sun, the moon, and the weewees, the gods of other polytheistic religions actually were one with those elements. They had no life or meaning independent from those elements. For instance, the god of the seas controlled the sea and was the sea itself. there was no distinction and no separation as with the God of the Israelites. The attributes of the gods were in some ways similar to Yahweh, but were altogether different in others.The most notable diversity is the fact that while Yahweh is completely other, the gods were inherently human in their characteristics. They argued with one another, they needed to be flattered with prayers that did not needs communicate their true nature, they were exceptional in their geographic location, they pro wee-weed, and they failed. People of the ANE had attributed to the gods of their myths the same(p) characteristics that they maxim in their bo thday make its. The main residual between the gods and humans was that the gods were simply stronger. All other characteristics were intrinsically human. This is a far cry from the God of the Bible who is holy, not bound by anything, and never fails. The chapter closes by dealing with a very important part of themakeup of the gods, their divine attributes.In Evangelical circles God is not simply described as being loving. Rather, He is love itself. God does not simply rule in a clean way, he is the epitome of soundice. The God of the Old Testament is everlasting(a)(a)ion in every area of everything. there is no flaw or limitation in him. His wisdom, love, justice, and mercy are not only perfect in and of themselves, but God is those things. The gods of the ANE were significantly different in that the attributes that they had were directly linked to their actions. There were no inherent attributes in them, or as Walton says, deity is as deity does. The duties that each god ha d were the attributes that they carried.CHAPTER 5Chapter five is dedicated to the understanding of the role of the synagogue and the accompanying rituals in the ANE. Walton first deals with the role that the temple played. Temples were created not primarily for worship of the gods, but were the places where the gods resided while on earth. This was a sacred situation that was to be free from all profanity and reserved for the rest and worship of that god. Each temple contained an idol, give care a plaque or a statue. This statue was not simply a rendering the commonly held view was that the god actually inhabited the idol in some way without actually becoming the idol. Because of this, the ancients believed that the creation of the idol was super natively over correspondn and organized by that specific god so that the idol would meet its expectations. This mold was familiar to the Old Testament prophets and they prophesied against the idols and false gods. Attached to the temple was at least one ziggurat, which was a structure that encased a stairway which served as a portal for the god from the heavenly country into the earthly temple.These were large structures and this was probably what Moses was referring to when he spoke of the tower of Babel in propagation. So in aspiration to common Sunday school teaching, the tower of Babel was not meant to reach to the heavens, but was a portal meant to pose heaven to earth. The temple was the most important structure in ancient culture. It was the center of everything and, due to the fact that the god inhabited the temple, was the source of all things good. Temples were viewed as the center of the cosmos in the ancient world. Walton observes that in this area, the Bible and ancient myths agree in that the presence of the god, or Yahweh in the case of the Bible, was what made the property important. He claims that the Garden of Eden was not a literal geographic place on earth, previous it was a place in the cosmos where God dwelt. The presence of God was what made Eden special. The same goes for the temples of the ancients.The presence of the gods made them the focal point of life. Not only was the temple the central point of worship, but also of law, the wealth of the city, and the social activities of the commonwealth. The focal point of daily activities was the temple. That God would inhabit the tabernacle, or the temple, therefore, makes perfect sense in the culture of the ANE. Solomons temple is used as the focal point of the city, where God dwelt and where worship was given. Here, again, the ancient myths and the Bible agree. Harvest, weather, health, wealth, and victory in battle, among other things, were all controlled by the gods in the ANE. Due to this fact, the rituals that were performed for the gods in the temple were important to the livelihood of the people. The gods had to be appeased and the forces of sliminess and chaos needed to be held at bay.Rituals, therefore, w ere the way in which humans interacted with the gods to make sure that they were fucking and that the cosmos was in balance. Blood sacrifices were not unique to the Israelites, but were a common trend of the day. However, un similar the other tribes of the ANE, the Israelites did not use incantations. Furthermore, while organized religion in God was of primary concern for the Israelites, action and involvement in the cult of the temple were of predominate importance.CHAPTER 6In the midst of everything that was happening in and around the temple, the way in which the common people of the land estimable religion was different. The contrast between the religion of the state and the religion of the common people is the focus of this chapter. Religion in the city environment is handled first. As mentioned in previous chapters, the gods were to be served, taken care of, and appeased. For these reasons, the idols mentioned in chapter five were cared for just as one world power take c are of a new born baby. They were woken, fed, pampered, and put to bed at night. The problem was that there was no way to know if the people were, indeed, pleasing the god. Without any revelation there was no way to know if the practices were actually reservation any difference in the temperament of the god. Each god was assigned roles and responsibilities, and each one, in turn,delegated their responsibilities book binding to the people. For instance, a certain god might be in charge of keeping justice, but those responsibilities were meted out to the king.However, in the midst of all of this service to the gods, the gods were prone to be temperamental. Gods would change their minds and moods often. Diviners might offer solutions like giving more money or upgrading the temple, but again, without revelation the gods were unknowable and this kept the ancient people always guessing and attempting new tactics to change their situations. Yahweh stood in stark contrast to the gods of t he polytheistic pantheon. God has no need of anything from man. He is not contained. All of his choices are perfect and right. What is most important, however, is the fact that He communicated with his people so that they were fully aware of what he expected and in order that they might know the consequences for their actions. The religion of the common people was significantly different however. Whereas the temple and the workings of the state were dedicated to one of the higher and more powerful gods, the common people had individual gods, lower on the polytheistic totem pole, that they worshiped and seek to appease.Usually devotion to these gods was passed take in from generation to generation. Abrahams initial communication with and faith in God, before the Hebrews were a people, fit the idea of a individualized god. The primary goal of having a soulal god was to nonplus the family social success, stature, and wealth. The relationship with these gods was different from he r elationship that Abraham had with Yahweh. Just as with the state, there was no real gist-connect with the god, no real desire to know him and be like him. The goal was to keep the god happy so that the family would reap the benefits. This attitude presented itself in the weak prayer life of the people. When a familys ad hominem god was not doing the things that caused their family success, the family was looked d have upon in society. It was clear that the family was doing something wrong that was not satisfying the demands of the god.The emphasis was not on the wrongdoing, but on the view society held of your family. Prayers and ritual acts to please the god focused on restoration of respect in the town, not restoration of a relationship with the god. Ethics and morals were also tightly bound to the gods and the balance of society. There were not ethical norms as there are in the modern context. Everything revolved around the gods and what they wanted. Because of the idea of cont inuity among allof the realms, morals were not needs important. some(prenominal) it took to keep society orderly and balanced was what took priority. So, if orgies or other sexual actions pleased the gods and kept things in order, then it was perfectly acceptable. There was no sense that things of this nature might be considered immoral. These absolutes can only be found in a God who guides one to moral absolutes and makes clear what is morally right and wrong.This is what God did as he revealed himself to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob orally, and how he set up guidelines with the nation of Israel at Mt. Sinai. God does what the slushy gods of the pagans could not do. He revealed himself so that the Israelites could know his will and follow it. He committed to them in a concordat relationship and taught them how to live within that relationship. He showed them how to strive for holiness, by imitating him, an idea that was otherwise nonexistent. He showed them how to have the best po ssible life, and ultimately, developed a relationship with them personally.CHAPTER 7Chapter seven is the first chapter in the fourth part of the book, which is dedicated to the cosmos. The seventh chapter in particular deals with how the people of the ANE viewed the makeup of the cosmos. Whereas, due to science and exploration, people in modern times understand that the earth is round and that it travels around the sun while spinning on its own axis, the views of how the cosmos functioned were significantly different in the ANE. Understanding the ancient view of cosmological geography is vital in comprehending the worldview of the ANE. Many of the people groups of the ANE understood the cosmos to be layered. The Earth was the middle layer with heaven above and the netherworld below. The earth was thought to stand slake and the sun was thought to travel on a track up on one side of the earth, across the sky, and down into the netherworld in the evening.In some myth systems it was be lieved that the sky, which was believed to be solid, was support by mountains at the edges of the earth, while yet other traditions claimed that the earth was supported by giant columns. In addition, ANE myths believed that the sky held the waters back and that when precipitation came, the water was falling through cracks or holes in the sky layer. It is important to note that the world of the ANE was primarily concerned about function over mere existence. Therefore, thecosmos had no importance in and of itself, but only within the context of the gods victimization nature to accomplish their desires and dole out their punishments. Regardless of the different views held within the ancient tribes, they all viewed the area that they inhabited as the center of the cosmos.Walton shows that this view about the makeup up of the cosmos was held by the Israelites as well. We have no reason to believe that the modern view of the cosmos was held by the Israelites. Throughout the Old Testament we see references that show that the Israelites held to the common views of the cosmos first and foremost because that was the normal view in those days, but also because God never revealed to them any other way by which to understand the cosmos.CHAPTER 8Chapter eight handles the important issues of the origin and order of the cosmos. Gaining knowledge about the origin of the world gives excellent taste into the creation account and shows the student of the Bible the important value that God places on humans. As mentioned earlier it is necessary to understand that the culture of the ANE valued function over existence. For something to merely exist was not nearly as important as the function of that thing. This idea has significant repercussions when it comes to the study of cosmogony. Moderns often read the creation account and assume that God was calling things into existence, but this view would not have made much sense to anyone writing in the ANE. It would have been a foreign i dea because to simply exercise something into existence was of little consequence. Creation was more focused on a purpose than it was on making an object available.One of the first and most important steps in the making functional procedure was the naming of things, which fits nicely into the creation account of the Bible. God creates and names. This naming process kick starts that objects function. Walton makes some very interesting points when it comes to the Biblical account of creation. He says that it should be understood, from the text, that the account in the first chapter of Genesis is not one of God creating things that did not exist, but bringing order and function to those things. The reader can notice that Genesis 1never claims that there was nothing. It simply communicates that the earth was without form it had no order or function. He mentions that on days one through three God does not simply create light,water and vegetation, but that he was bringing function to th ose things by giving light the function of time-keeping, water the function of the climate, and vegetation the function of providing food for man and animals.Therefore, unlike the gods of the other tribes, the God of the Bible gives function and destiny to all things from the very beginning. He is not trying to manage the cosmos and the functions therein, he has already created and set them in motion with specific purpose. His initial purposes for all things cannot be changed and need no management. The chapter closes by explaining the temple as a depiction of the cosmos. This idea is touched on in chapter five and is reiterated here. The place of rest for the gods was their temple. When everything was in order they were able to relax in their sacred space. God, however, is bigger than anything that he has created and uses the earth as his footstool. The Temple of Yahweh was modeled after the cosmos to show this relationship.CHAPTER 9Literature, religion, and the cosmos have all bee n dealt with thus far. Now Walton turns to how people functioned and were understood in the context of the ANE. The first step, which is the focus of chapter nine, is to understand how people thought about the past and recorded history. Any conversation about humans naturally begins with their origins. The biblical account of the creation of humans is unique from the myths of the ANE in several ways. First is the fact that the Genesis account sets up Adam and Eve as the sole couple from which all other humans come, known as monogenesis. In other myths, humans are made in more of a group setting, polygenesis, where there is no singular couple from which all human life stems. Secondly is the difference in substance from which humans are created. The biblical account notes that God used the dust of the grease to create Adam and that He breathed life into his nostrils, whereas other matter, including clay and remains parts from conquered gods, were used in other myths.The conversation then moves from how humans were made to what pieces or parts they actually contain. Walton notes that there remains disagreement as to whether humans are a unified whole or if they are separated somehow by body, mind, and spirit. Walton notes that due to language barriers, the words describing the human makeup from the ANE are difficult to translate and explain. The Egyptians used several terms todescribe how humans were made. Ka was the natural character of a person based on their ties to their lineage. Ba was the way in which they displayed themselves to society, similar to a reputation. Akh was the soul or spirit of a person that was said to live on after death. The Israelites, on the other hand, used different terms.Perhaps, due to the aforementioned language issues, it is best to quote Walton in this explanation. He says that, nephesh is related to sentience and perception while ruah is related to consciousness and vitality. Finally, the chapter deals with the role of humans in the cosmos. There is a very important distinction to be made in this area between the views of the Egyptians, Akkadians, and Sumarians and the views of the Israelites. The former saw the gods as the center of the cosmos and humans as an unimportant byproduct to assist the gods and appease them, whereas the latter saw their role as priests created to serve God. The Bible gives an important role to humans as the pinnacle of Gods creation, and this idea is unique in the ANE.CHAPTER 10Chapter ten addresses the recording of history and the mindset that drove the guidelines that the people of the ANE followed in recording history. Furthermore, the chapter shows what that set of guidelines communicates about the mindset of the recorders. As this text has clearly stated, the mindset of the people of the ANE was focused around the gods. The modern mindset is one that focuses on the things that people can see and experience. Modern history is based on physical facts. The cognitive environm ent of the ANE was such that natural proof or fact was not the main concern. The ancient culture was focused on the gods and what mean had been employed to please and serve the gods. Deity was the focal point of historiography. Furthermore, the goals of history were different than the goals of a contemporary journalist. While the journalist of today is concerned about facts and events, the ancients were concerned about the meaning of those events.Due to the fact that everything that happened was tied to the gods in some way, history was the result of what was happening in the supernatural world. These happenings, of course, were of primary importance, so little significance was placed on the events themselves. Rather, the emphasis was on deciphering what information theseevents were communicating about the actions of the gods. The way in which events of history worked together and the purpose behind them was also significant. There was a sense of an fundamental through-line beneat h the surface of every event in history. A good example of this mindset would be the way in which Christians believe that amidst all of the surface things in life, God is working out his perfect will. What happened in each event was not nearly as important as how that event may have furthered a larger piece of the memoir of life. The differences in mindset between the ancients and moderns continue in the area of explaining time.Today most people think of time as linear the present is now, the past behind, and the hereafter ahead. This was not the normative view of time in the ANE. It was as if the person standing on the time line were turned around, looking into the past with the future behind them. Their view of the past and how it touched the future was most important. The nett portion of the chapter focuses on the necessity of understanding the form in which history was written in order to fully realize the meaning of the history itself. Often writers were not necessarily att empting to provide legitimate history telling in their narratives. Because of this, the facts leading up to the conclusion may or may not be accurate because there was no need for them to be so. Much narrative was fiction.Therefore, to understand the writings of the ANE, one must realize that narrative is not primarily concerned about the events, as mentioned above, but on the outcomes, which affects ones ability to glean truth-telling history from the narrative writings. Additionally, the source of the literature, who it promotes, and the audience it was intend for all play an important role in attempting to understand the history of the times. These values, as Walton calls them, play a significant role in how ancient history is to be interpreted. The aforementioned points affect the way in which the Old Testament is read and understood. The history that is recorded in the Old Testament, though it is divinely inspired, must still be understood in the context in which it was written , taking into consideration the values, writers, intended audience, poetics, and importance of deity.CHAPTER 11Chapter eleven moves to the next step by considering how people lived their day to day lives. Divination, mentioned briefly in other chapters, isnow fully explained. Divination was the attempt to try to deduce from a god the future, or to gain a better comprehension of that god. There were two types of divination, inspired and deductive. Inspired divination composite a message from the gods through a human messenger, while deductive divination included a message from the gods sent through natural means like events or weather. People who engaged in this process were known by different names depending on the type of divination they practiced and the type of omens they used. Inspired messages often came through prophets and fantasys. Official prophets were paid and trained by the king to serve as intermediaries between him and the gods. Others, outside of the kings employ th at received random messages were known as informal prophets. Dreams generally came to people by happenstance, and because there was so much to decipher, there was much written in the area of dream interpretation.Deductive divination was a reading of signs and events done by trained people. Signs or omens might be found in the sky, through the weather, the stars, the waters, organs of out of work animals, lot casting, and other phenomena in nature. Attempting to divine answers about the future helped people feel a sense of control and normalcy. The Bible employs inspired divination as God calls through the prophets and assists Daniel and Joseph, among others, to interpret dreams. However, the reading of others signs and omens, as in deductive divination, are scolded as evil by the Old Testament. Magic was also practiced in the ANE. Where divination discovered different meanings or problems, magic was able to use power to fix those problems. Incantations and rituals were used to app ease the anger of the gods, to eliminate the evil spirits, to cleanse the affected home or space, and to cleanse the effected person from those evil spirits so that they could continue to function as normal.Magicians, known as Asipu were elevated to a high place, similar to a priest, and were focused on discovering and eliminating bad spirits. The Asu used herbs and other natural remedies to aid in the effect of the incantations. Next, the text explains the specific goals of divination. First and foremost, the goal was to legitimize the king and give him guidance. Omens were not set in stone, but rather, were predictions and warnings. If a good omen was found, that didnt necessarily guarantee that the good fortune would come to pass, and vice versa. A main point in understanding the importance of divination was theissue of certainty.One would think that after several failed attempts to predict the future, the practice would lose its validity. However, this was not the common mindset . Rather than perfect prediction of the future, divination should be understood more along the lines of, drawing a particular issue to ones attention. (269) The chapter ends by quickly dealing with the test of a true prophet given in Deuteronomy 18. If a prophesy is off or does not come true, can that prophet immediately be discredited? Walton concludes that based on several texts, prophets were given an opportunity to show their trustworthiness, but if they continued to prove that their words were not from God, they were disregarded.CHAPTER 12Chapter dozen delves further into how the importance of the city partners with life and purpose of the king. Earlier chapters noted that the people who lived outside of the cities practiced religion in different ways. Within the ANE cultures, living outside of the city or being a nomad was frowned upon. Life in the city was the best life in which to be engaged. The Mesopotamians as well as the Egyptians believed that cities were created by th e gods, before humans, as a tie to the past. Just as in every other aspect of life in the ANE, the objectives of both the city and the king were to please the gods. Cities were the epicenter of the world they were a place where people lived and did business, but ultimately where the temples were. Each city had its own temple that was dedicated to a specific god. The importance of the city was somewhat the same for the Israelites. Gods home on earth was the temple, and the temple was located in the city of Jerusalem.The difference, however, was that there was only one temple for the Israelites, and that temple was in one city. Kings were the rulers of the time, thus directly tied to the cities, and therefore kingship played a very important role in religious practice. Kings were thought to have been chosen by the gods and were always attempting to show that the gods approved of them as king. They were the mediators between the gods and the people who lived under their rule. It was sa id that they had access to the gods and their plans in a way that no other person did. The view of king was so high in Egypt that he was seen as divine. The king had many responsibilities in regard to the upkeep of the city, one of the most important being the institution of justice.But it was also the kings obligation to leadthe charge in appeasing the gods so that their land would be safe and overflow with blessing. Again, these ideas are very similar to Hebrew kingship. God did choose a king and he gave them authority to speak on His behalf. Some pose that the OT is anti-king, but it is best to take from the text that God had always mean for a king. He was disgusted that the people did not want him to rule over them and that they wanted a king on their time line. And, of course, from the line of King David comes the ultimate king, the Messiah.CHAPTER 13Chapter thirteen unpacks even more about how the people of the ANE lived, specifically how their laws were enforced, how wisdo m was passed down, their views of justice, and how justice and ethics were related. The first section focuses on the treatises medical, divinatory, and legal. These writings were wisdom passed down from past decisions made to offer guidance to the next set of people who would be making the decisions. Medical personnel could find remedies that worked, diviners could better know how to interpret an omen, and the king would know hold justice might have been handled prior to his time. These treatises were a series of if statements that explained certain situations and how to handle them. An example might be, if a man steals something, cut off his hand. It is important to note that there was not necessarily a set group of laws, rather, these treatises, along with wisdom literature, were used to create the norms of justice based on what had worked in the past. These pieces of literature served to legitimize the king.The Book of the Covenant is the Israelite writing that most closely resem bles this type of literature. Wisdom literature from Egypt and Mesopotamia also played an important role in keeping societal order, but in a different fashion. Wisdom from such literature was meant to foresee potential problems and develop ways to shorten the behavior in society so that potential problems would not present themselves. Walton explains that law, as we understand it today, was not a part of the culture of the ANE. There was not a list of rules written down that people used to regulate the way in which they lived. Rather, the state functioned based on personal ideas of fairness, wisdom from kings past, and the king at the present time. The goals were always balance and order in society and in the cosmos. Ergo, as the gods deliveredtheir responsibilities down through the kings, the kings were held responsible for keeping order in society by handling the judicial responsibilities entrusted to him by the gods.As mentioned in the section on morals and ethics, the gods were primarily concerned about social order, and the personal morality of people was not specifically important. The chapter closes by comparing the way in which people outside of Israel tried to live and how the Hebrews were guided by God to live. While the pagan tribes were focused on conforming to societal expectations, honoring the king, and pleasing the gods, Yahweh had revealed himself to Israel and had given details through the Ten Commandments and the covenant about how to live a holy life. While the pagan communities continued to try and determine a right way to live by waiting for answers from mute gods, the Israelites had heard from the Almighty and were trying to obey the details of the covenant agreement.CHAPTER 14Having dealt with the ideas of how life began, the importance of familial heritage, and the ways in which life functioned in the day-to-day of the ANE, the final chapter of the book focuses on how future life on earth and the afterlife were viewed in the ANE. The idea of a better life in the future was foreign to the ANE mindset. The focus was not to make a better life for oneself, but to continue the legacy of the family name. Having an heir who would take care of the family business and continue the worship of the familys gods was vital. Regardless of their situation, there was no savior coming to make things better. Israel, on the other hand, had the hope of the Messiah, which many misunderstood to be an earthly king who would come to free them from bondage and restoration them to their place of stature as in the days of David. The afterlife was, except for a failed weighing of the heart in Egyptian thought, generally not believed to be a place of punishment.The Egyptians believed that the ba and the ka were separated from the body at death, and that if the correct processes involved in burial were practiced, they would be enabled to reconnect with those pieces. In Mesopotamia, just as the future of life was strongly tied to the idea of family and community, so was the afterlife. The worst thing that could happen to a dead person was improper burial which would cut them off from the family and relegate them to a life alone.Additionally, those who did not receive a proper burial were thought to be potentially dangerous spirits. It was common practice that those still alive from the family would care for those dead by providing water libations, providing left-over food from the table, and holding meals in honor of their ancestors. specially trained men would assist them in communicating with the deceased. The netherworld is the name that was consistently used for the afterlife. Humans, divagation from kings who were given the opportunity to enter into heaven with the gods, all ended up here. There are nonuple stories about the process that one might take in order to gain access to the netherworld, but all eventually ended up here. This is never indicated as a place of torment, but just a plain and boring existence hopefully in community with their ancestors. The Israelite idea of Sheol, which is mentioned in the Old Testament, is not to be understood as hell either. Walton indicates that there is no text that supports the interpretation that Sheol is to be understood in this fashion.POSTSCRIPTIn the postscript, Walton reminds the reader of the importance of comparative studies and how vital it is to understand the Old Testament within its cognitive environment. He admits that he has not created the perfect text on the subject, but that one of his goals was to try and further develop the idea of comparative studies in a more complete manner where others have shied to the safe side and not tackled a work such as this. The randomness goal was to show that the Israelites shared in the cognitive environment of the ANE, which this reader believes he did very well. The author notes that the literature involved in the study of the ANE must be connected to the culture in which it was written and unde rstood in light of it. The final portion shows the latter to be true by summarizing the main areas of thought and the similarities and differences between Israel and the other nations. All believed that the source of human beings was the gods, but only Israel believed in the creation of an original man and woman from whom all other people came.All attempted to please their gods, but only Israel had received revelation that communicated what Yahweh was thinking and what he expected. All were under the rule of a higher power, for Israel it was their upholding of the covenant while for the others it was submission to the king and the gods that had instituted hisrule. While social norms and literature passed down from old kings drove behavior in most people of the ANE, the revelation from God at Sinai gave the Hebrew people a guide for how to live. While all others had no hope of anything good in the future nor anything elicit in the afterlife, the Israelites were given the promise of a king who would come through David whose throne would last forever.Walton ends the text with a final statement that is worth repeating in this summary. He concludes that all of the information proposed within the text should be used to guard against a facile or uninformed imposition of our own cognitive environment on the texts of ancient Israel, which is all too typical in confessional circles. May all confessional readers of Gods word strive to understand his revelation as best as possible so that we might know and discern the perfect will of the one, true God.WORKS CITEDWalton, John H.. Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible. Grand Rapids Baker Academic, 2006.

Summer Essay Essay Example for Free

Summer Essay EssayOn a hot summer day, a bully place to go is to the beach. You would go prohibited to the beach to enjoy the urine, the temperateness, the activities that are happening, or just to be with family and friends.When youre at the beach, there are some very distinct smells. You can smell the salt from the weewee along with the heat from the sand. My most favourite smell of exclusively is the sweet coconut smell of sun tanning lotion that people put on themselves while they lay into the sun to basically cook. If youre smell for a quiet day of relaxation at the beach, I dont think that will work out too well. The beach is always really loud throughout the day. You can hear the loud motors of the boats and the waves of the water as they come crashing through to shore. Youll definitely be able to hear the laughter and the excitement of the kids of all ages as they splash around, play games, and build sandcastles.While youre at the beach you can always take down i nvolved in some fun activities, if you arent able to relax. You can go fishing, if you like touching the noisome scales of the fish and the soft touch of the cold water. Just make sure you dont get the rough, coarse sand in your shorts because you wont like that too much.Overall the beach is lots of fun to go to, if you just want to get away from the busy everyday city life. If you are there premature enough, you will be able to see a beautiful, bright sunrise and if you enjoy staying out on the beach until the evening, Im sure you can catch a calming and loving sunset. After the sun has kaput(p) down for the night, you can sit in the sand and stare up at the amazing ugliness blue sky and bright shining stars.