Painting Pears and Paula Mandel Essay -- Artist Paintings Art Essays

Painting Pears and Paula MandelI cant imagine a life without art. I cant imagine it. It would be so sad. One of the most amazing things in the world is the art we create. It is a view into peoples souls. -Paula MandelIf, on some sunny Sunday afternoon, you decide to take a drive through the streets of Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, youd pass by movie theatres, Starbucks cafes, obtain hearts, and even historical parks. And if you venture on to some of the more remote side streets, you might discover a small, broken-down old strip mall accommodating a mom and pops pizza shop and Morninglory, a small bakery and catering company exhibiting a painting of a piece of fruit in the window. A pear, to be exact. Enticed into stepping foot in the bakery, you might peruse the wall of sweets and goodies, find one you like, and buy it. And so you mosey on, fruit tart in hand, sun on face, and $1.50 less in your wallet.Later that day, after meeting a friend for lunch, you find it quite competent to return to the bakery for another treat. On your arrival, you once again are lured into the shop door, ensnared by that splash of color, that painting of a pear hanging in the window, and you once again buy a dessert. This time, however, instead of departing to saunter along in the sun, you feel the urge to stay awhile, scrutinizing that work of art in the window. on that point is justsomething about it that captivates you. That pear, those colors, that shape. You smile. You get closer, pressing your nose up against the storefronts window, trying to see every detail of that painting. You become obsessed. You cant place your finger on just what it is you find so allur... ...McGraw-Hill, 2002. 184-87.Hillman, James. The Poetic Basis of Mind. Writing the Essay Art and the World. Ed. Darlene A. Forrest, Pat C. Hoy II and sexy Martin. New York McGraw-Hill, 2002. 59-80.Jung, Carl G. On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry. Writing the EssayArt and the World. Ed. Darlene A. Forrest, Pat C. Hoy II and Randy Martin. New York McGraw-Hill, 2002. 279-98.Mandel, Paula. Almost. 5 may 2003. Artist Statement. Pears. 5 May 2003. http//paula-mandel.com/cgi-local/perlshop-paulamandel.pl?ACTION=ENTER&thispage=pea01&ORDER_ID=ORDERIDCaress. 5 May 2003. http//paula-mandel.com/cgi-local/perlshop-paulamandel.pl?ACTION=ENTER&thispage=pea01&ORDER_ID=ORDERIDPersonal interview. 13 Apr. 2003.

Art :: essays research papers

Since the dawn of human existence and literally thousands of years in advance written languages developed, people have used their surroundings as a canvas for expression. Art has changed a great deal since it began legion(predicate) centuries ago. Centuries, however, are not necessary to notice the small changes that are evident even between cultures of similar times. Egyptians were the first people to make a large impact on the world of art. Egyptians needed art for their religious beliefs more than decoration or self-gratification. The most important aspect of Egyptian life is the ka, the part of the human liveliness that lives on after death. The ka needed a physical place to occupy or it would disappear. Most of the important men of Egypt paid to have their body work out of stone. That was were the spirit would live after the man dies. They used stone because it was the strongest material they could find. Longevity was actually important. The bodies are always idealized and clothed. Figures are very rigid, close-fisted, and are built on a vertical axis to show that the person is grand or intimidating. Early Greek art was greatly influenced by the Egyptians. Geography permitted both cultures to exchange their talents. The beginning of Greek art is marked by the Geometric phase. The most common art during the Geometric phase was vase painting. after(prenominal) the vase was formed but before it was painted, the artist applied a slip (dark pigment) to outside. Then the vase was fired and the artist would incise his decorations into the hard shell. It was important to incise public into the fired slip and not paint with slip. The people in the pictures needed light colored skin, which was the color beneath the slip, because Greeks wanted to make their art as realistic as possible. Much like Egyptian art, the Greeks idealized the bodies of the people in their works. As the Archaic Period evolved, Greek sculptures were almost identical to the Egyptians. u nalike Egyptians, the Greeks refined their techniques. Greeks used marble to construct their sculptures. It was considered more valuable and beautiful than any material available.Christian art was introduced during the middle of the second century. In many cases the only difference between Christian art and Hellenistic art is the religious subject matter. After a slow start the Christians introduced something new, the mosaic. Mosaics became a ducky medium for decorating churches.

Bungee Jumping :: essays research papers

Bungee Jumping     Bungee startle is a sport that has dramatically evolved over the pastcouple decades. Bungee jumping has evolved into a sport of art and thrill. Asa tribal tradition, the ritual was soon incorporated with a bungee cord. Bungeejumping spread rapidly passim the world, ever-growing in popularity.Detailed designs and engineering have helped to take bungee jumping to all newlimits. An array of prices depicts a variety of heights, harnesses, andlocations of sites. Bungee jumping offers many a(prenominal) diverse medical advantages. Newinnovations in the bungee field have led to all new rides and adventures.Bungee jumping is a sport that enables a person to prove something to themselves,regardless of age, sex, religion, or race.     Bungee jumping is based on an age-old ritual practiced by the landdivers of Pentecost island in the South Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu. Youngmen proved their courage by plummeting off giant towers. Every spring villagersthere collect liana vines and wind them into foresightful cords. The men then scale sixstory wooden towers, attach the vines around their ankles and jump. Asuccessful leap is considered a demonstration of courage. In 1979, a bungeecord was incorporated with this tribal ritual. Members of the OxfordUniversitys Dangerous Sports Club read about and designed a safe form of thepractice. Atop the Golden gateway Bridge, dressed in tuxedos and top hats, thefirst form of bungee jumping came to existence. In 1987, bungee jumping movedto the American commercial scene. Two brothers, put-on and Peter Kockelman, beganjumping from bridges over river gorges in the Sierras. Recognizing the sportscommercial potential, they opened Bungee Adventures in 1988.     Bungee jumping spread rapidly through with(predicate)out the world, ever-growing inpopularity. Bungee jumping became national crazes in many areas. After the useof a bungee cord was thought of, the idea first spread through New Zealand.From here, Australia and France soon caught on and joined the sport. This newhobby, predominantly known and practiced only by skydivers, rock climbers, andother extremists caught the worlds attention and spread resembling a wild fire. InAmerica, bungee jumping was also proving popular. The first commercial bungeebusiness began thirty minutes outside San Diego, CA. Commercial sites inColorado and Utah soon began to pop up. Expansions of these businesses now helpto cover almost every western state. Bungee Jumpings popularity has helped itto become an officially recognized sport. subject Freestlye BungeeChampionships are held each year and are broadcasted on a number of channelsincluding ESPN 2."     Detailed designs and engineering have helped to take bungee jumping to

Culture in Willy Russells Educating Rita Essay -- Educating Rita Essay

Over the last few weeks I have been reading a play by an author called Willy Russell, it is called Educating Rita.The play begins by introducing the dickens main characters, pawl and Rita. Rita is a young woman in her mid twenty?s, spiritedness in a working year culture. Rita is not knowing with the way her life is going, she wants to be seen as more middle class, so she decided to take a course at the Open University to study litterateur. Frank on the other hand is Rita?s tutor at the university also middle aged alcoholic living in a middle class culture. Frank is unhappy with the way things are going in his life, his wife has left him due to an argument over poetry and he is now living with a younger tutor named Julia.The play unfolds as Frank and Rita?s cultures clash together.Educating Rita was first performed in the 1980s.This was a particularly strange time for the great unwashed in Britain because there was a great deal of civil unrest, this meant the people were not ha ppy with the way the government was running the country.There was also a mining strike and unemployment was very hi...

Toxic Waste Sites in Texas Essay -- essays research papers

Major Toxic Waste Sites in TexasWhen thinking about the roughly polluted states in our country, California and New York instantly pop into our mind. What near people dont know, however, is that Texas now ranks number one in most categories of pollution. Whether it be increased emissions from refineries in Beaumont, large pits filled with contamination at Kelley Air Force Base, or polluted water at Lake Sam Rayburn, Texas has more than its fair share of toxic harry.     Exxon/Mobil, one of the nations leading oil producers, has its main refinery located in Beaumont, Texas. Each year, the residents of Beaumont/Port Arthur have to come with the 39,000 pounds of pollution spewed each year by the Exxon refinery. Exxons emissions are 385% above the state refinery average. In 1999, the Texas Natural Resources Conservation Committee (TNRCC) allowed the plant to increase their emissions, without allowing the normal to have a say in the matter. Interestingly, 95% of the people living near the plant are of African American descent and are in the poverty range. Some believe that this, along with the lack of education in the area, allows Exxon to get away with such high emissions. Residents in nearby neighborhoods have been kick of headaches, nausea, eye, and throat irritation for years. Since 1997, Mobil has repeatedly violated health standards in its emissions of two key air pollutants sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, These rotten egg smells are so strong, one can smell it through a car driving past the refinery. After numerous complaints and one record of a refinery worker fitting unconscious because of the fumes, the EPA awarded Exxon with a $100,000 environmental justice grant in October of 1998. Hopefully, Exxon has put the money to good use and cleaned up their emissions.     Kelly Air Force Base (KAFB) in San Antonio has been one of the Air Forces major aircraft maintenance facilities since the 1950s. Located on 4 000 acres and surrounded by residential neighborhoods, KAFB warehouses and maintains aircraft, jet engines, and nuclear materials for worldwide distribution. Activities at the habitation can generate as much as 282,000 tons of hazardous waste per year, all in close range to the neighboring communities. One day, a woman living near the base noticed a man dumping waste into an open pit in... ...d. As of July 2001, nothing has been done to qualifying the water standards for the Donahue paper mill. This is a sad thing, not only for the residents that live on the lake, but also for the thousands of fish and wildlife that are killed each year.All triple of these examples prove that pollution is happening in Texas and that it is important for residents to get involved if they want a change to happen. Sometimes, even governmental agencies cannot stop pollution. We must gravel care of our natural resources, especially land and water, because they are non-renewable. We want our state to be clean for our grandchildren, great grandchildren, and great-great grandchildren. This will not happen unless residents of these toxic waste sites take action and let their voices be heard. Besides, whatever happened to the slogan, Dont Mess With Texas?References1). Texas Toxic Tour, http//www.txpeer.org2). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, "1999 Report of Sam Rayburn Task Force," March 2000, http//www.anglersresort.com/lake.htm 3). southwestern Public Workers Union, "North Kelly Gardens Community Health Survey near Kelly AFB, Texas," Revised Edition, 10/23/97, p. 3.

Toxic Waste Sites in Texas Essay -- essays research papers

Major Toxic Waste Sites in TexasWhen thinking about the close polluted asserts in our country, California and New York instantly pop into our mind. What most people dont know, however, is that Texas now ranks number one in most categories of pollution. Whether it be increased emissions from refineries in Beaumont, large pits filled with contamination at Kelley Air Force Base, or polluted water at Lake Sam Rayburn, Texas has more than its fair share of toxic waste.     Exxon/Mobil, one of the nations lead oil producers, has its main refinery located in Beaumont, Texas. Each year, the residents of Beaumont/Port Arthur have to contend with the 39,000 pounds of pollution spewed each year by the Exxon refinery. Exxons emissions are 385% above the state refinery average. In 1999, the Texas Natural Resources Conservation Committee (TNRCC) allowed the plant to increase their emissions, without allowing the public to have a say in the matter. Interestingly, 95% of the people existent near the plant are of African American descent and are in the poverty range. Some believe that this, along with the lack of education in the area, allows Exxon to get away with such high emissions. Residents in nearby neighborhoods have been complaining of headaches, nausea, eye, and throat irritation for years. Since 1997, Mobil has repeatedly violated health standards in its emissions of devil key air pollutants sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, These rotten egg smells are so strong, one can smell it through a car thrust past the refinery. After numerous complaints and one record of a refinery worker becoming unconscious because of the fumes, the EPA awarded Exxon with a $100,000 environmental justice grant in October of 1998. Hopefully, Exxon has personate the money to good use and cleaned up their emissions.     Kelly Air Force Base (KAFB) in San Antonio has been one of the Air Forces major aircraft maintenance facilities since the 1950s . Located on 4000 domain and surrounded by residential neighborhoods, KAFB warehouses and maintains aircraft, jet engines, and nuclear materials for worldwide distribution. Activities at the base can generate as much as 282,000 tons of godforsaken waste per year, all in close range to the neighboring communities. One day, a wo part living near the base noticed a man dumping waste into an open pit in... ...d. As of July 2001, nothing has been done to change the water standards for the Donahue paper mill. This is a sad thing, not only for the residents that sleep together on the lake, but also for the thousands of fish and wildlife that are killed each year.All three of these examples prove that pollution is happening in Texas and that it is important for residents to get involved if they want a change to happen. Sometimes, even governmental agencies cannot stop pollution. We must take care of our natural resources, especially land and water, because they are non-renewable. We wa nt our state to be clean for our grandchildren, great grandchildren, and great-great grandchildren. This will not happen unless residents of these toxic waste sites take action and let their voices be heard. Besides, whatever happened to the slogan, Dont Mess With Texas?References1). Texas Toxic Tour, http//www.txpeer.org2). Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, "1999 Report of Sam Rayburn Task Force," March 2000, http//www.anglersresort.com/lake.htm 3). Southwest Public Workers Union, "North Kelly Gardens Community Health Survey near Kelly AFB, Texas," revise Edition, 10/23/97, p. 3.

Brand Report – Monster v Red Bull

At the heart of every great organization, Is a world class product or service and in any competitive business market, organizations rival to be every consumers first choice. Effective disgrace management Is essential to every business build strong carrys that non only reflect value and credibility, but also outlive the product or service the business offers, Is a ch completelyenge for legion(predicate) organizations today.The FMC (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) industry is maven of the biggest industries in the world, simply beca accustom of the rands and products that make up this sector such as Colgate, Dove, Palmolive and the list goes on. This report allow compare 2 FMC leaf blades in spite of appearance the Australian market, namely addict Energy and cerise Bull, and the consumers levels of disfigurement awareness towards the selected grades. It will also discuss the importance of brand association and how this is measured.Through the mathematical function of these brands, Monster Energy and cherry-red Bull, the report will illustrate the importance of an organizations ability to continuously build brand awareness with its consumers. Launched by Hansen Natural In 2002, Monster Energy penetrated the Australian market In 2009 ND has since bumped up the consumption of cipher drinks In Australia to 225 million liters, resulting In gross sale of $2. 37 billion, according to Monster Corpss 2012 annual report. This figure also includes Australias number one selling postal code drink company, red Bull, with a market share of 40%.As defined by Kettle (2009), a brand discount be a name, sign, logo, symbol or a combination of these, that identifies an organizations product or service, differentiating them from other(a) competitors. According to Keller (1993), brand equity is conceptualized from the perspective of the individual consumer. He also cusss that customer-based brand equity (CUBE) occurs when the consumer is familiar with the brand and wh ilst holding favorable, strong and unique brand associations in memory (1993). CUBE (Customer-Based Brand Equity) is further defined by Keller (1993, up. ) as the differential effect of brand knowledge on consumer response to the marketing of the brand. Brand knowledge Is defined In In terms of two components brand awareness and brand Image. According to Keller (1 993), brand awareness relates to brand reject and recognition performance by consumers, whilst brand image refers to the set of associations that consumers hold in memory. Since its launch in 2002, Monster Energy has developed strong brand strikingness, despite its non-evocative brand name.Placing the word zip with Monster assists the customer to associate the product with the correct category. Brand salience is the first step in Sellers CUBE amaze (2008) and where organizations essential establish who they are and what the brand represents to consumers. Establishing an identity and creating brand awareness is import ant at this stage, as it is when customers initially create perceptions about the brand. McDonald & Sharp (2003) assert that a brand that has some level of brand awareness Is more likely to be selected by the consumer, than a brand unknown to the consumer.A challenge FMC companies essential consider, Is the consumers inadequacy of decision making process Involved at the time of purchase, making It difficult for new brands to penetrate an already infiltrated industry. When Monster was initially low. patronage heavy marketing promotions and sporting associations, Monsters position within Australias energy drinks category was relatively low, in comparison to market dominator and competitor, Red Bull. In comparison to its rival, Red Bull, Monsters brand salience wants depth in the minds of Australian consumers.Although the Monsters logo of a monster claw shaped as an M is easily recognizable internationally, Australian consumers still lack the ability to recognize or recall the prod uct category in which Monster belongs. The breadth of brand awareness concerns the range of purchase and employment situations in which the brand comes to mind (Keller, 2008), which largely depends on the organization of the brand and the product knowledge in consumers memory.Today, Red Bull is the most recognized ND profitable energy drink in the world and is a beverage consumed at any time throughout the day. Both Red Bull and Monster offer a range of energy products, targeting consumption at different times throughout a given day. Both brands have broad brand awareness, consumers associating them with extreme sports, beverage for consumption early, mid or late in the day and an energy booster. Experiment 1 A investigate survey was conducted with a sample of 30 participants, 1 5 of which were phallic and 15 female (Fig 1 & 2).The objective of the survey research was to Determine if males or females consume energy drinks and how frequently To determine the position of both Monst er Energy and Red Bull in the mind of consumers Determine when and where the energy drink is most consumed occasion The survey was formed with the appropriate questions to provide the data required to support brand awareness research on the energy drinks category. Participants were recruited from Speeches Australia Pity Ltd and also some(prenominal) students from the University of Western Sydney, Parameter campus.Results The first question was to determine how frequently males and females drink energy drinks throughout any given week (Fig 3). 19 participants reported inebriety 1 or less energy drinks throughout the week with only 2 drinking 5 times a week. The next question asked what energy drink they consume and Red Bull came in at 43% popularity and Monster ranking terzetto place at 20% Fig 4). The third question was asked to determine when and where the participants consumed their selected energy drink (Fig 5). 17 participants reported having an energy drink in the afternoon s, with mornings being the time energy drinks were least consumed.Consumption within the piece of work was reported as being the most common place of consumption with social events ranking in second with a reported 9 participants (Fig ). synopsis Although the sample was small, the data research supports the statistics that Red Bull Energy rates higher in consumers minds than Monster Energy. Despite both brands being strongly associated with humor, fun, innervation and extreme sports, one washbasin conclude that because energy drinks are most consumed during the day and within the workplace, the breadth of brand awareness for both Monster and Red Bull is relatively broad.According to Asker (1992), brand association is anything linked in memory to a brand associations enable a company to differentiate their brands in the market and can be tildes as an organizations competitive advantage. Keller (2013) classifies brand associations into three categories attributes, benefits and atti tudes. Attributes are the features of the brand, benefits are the values the consumer attaches to the brand and attitudes refers to the consumers overall evaluation of the brand. Building brand equity can also be done through the leverage of related or secondary brand associations (Keller, 2013).Secondary brand association can be an effective way for an organization to reinforce existing strong, favorable and strong associations if the existing brand is deficient. Red Bull uses celebrity endorsements, sporting, cultural and community events as secondary brand associations. Low & Lamb (2000) discusses the importance of firms measuring being able to measure associations with their brands and the techniques that can be used to accurately measure consumer brand associations. Brand image, attitude and perceived quality have been used to measure brand associations for many years.After much research, Low & Lamb concluded that not all brand scales such as personality or attributes can be ap plied across all categories, therefore, acting as separate constructs as argue to nee-dimensional brand associations. This gives rise to the idea that consumers now have more developed memory structures for more familiar brands. The authors also suggest that care must be taken when measuring associations of familiar brands as quoted by the author Familiarity moderates the dimensionality of brand associations.Asker (1996) asserts that in order for organizations to perform optimally and allocate resources fairly across its portfolio of brands, it must see common measures of performance. Managers should seek new branding strategies, to al ways from the same category as their product, but from the other brand categories. This will provide neat ideas and new insight, resulting in new product positioning in the market. Kara also discusses the use of ten different measurements used to measure brand associations.He also asserts that the one measurement of brand equity that can be used i s price premium. The reason behind this is that regardless of brand, any driver of brand equity will affect price premium. The consumers association with any given brand is important to any organization wishing to maintain controversy in the business market. Suppresses (2000) discusses the lack of knowledge regarding brand association relevant to other brands in other product categories. Suppresses points out the challenges brought about by private label brands.Suppresses also discusses the ways by which firms can research consumers brand associations including lengthy personal interviews as opposed to group interviews and validating given answers to questions. By validating answers, one can increase the probability of detecting hidden associations. Suppresses concludes that brand managers need to attain a deeper understanding f the sources of brand equity in order to implement optimal brand strategies and to maintain effective communication. The way by which firms undertake resear ch should delve into the unconscious and non-verbal associations that consumers have for their brands (2000).Experiment 2 Personal interviews were conducted with two participants, male and female, aged 27 and 19 respectively. The objective of the survey research was to the emotions associated with Red Bulls secondary association through sporting imagery Determine the emotions evokes when the participants brand Red Bull Procedure The interview was conducted to determine the emotions consumers have Bull and its secondary brand association. Both participants (Male A and were students of University of Western Sydney, Parameter campus. Rest The words cerise BULL was vocalizes to each participant two times.The FL to measure their initial reaction and the second was to validate that area reacted immediately with instant recognition and slight excitement. Fem. recognition but not of excitement. When validating their reactions, Male loves the brand and is a regular consumer however, Female B said she c Red Bull but is not a fan of the taste. A picture of the Red Bull logo (Fig. 5 to both participants and both reacted similarly, with recognition. Male A recognition and affordability for the brand with the use of facial express head gestures.Similar to the reacted of Female B, although she wasnt t the product. The third measurement was through the use of imagery re Bulls secondary association, sporting endorsements (Fig. 8). Male Bis ex. increase and he vocalizes his interest in X-tree sporting events and of Red Bulls consistent involvement in the sporting arena. Female Bis en however, dropped and was visible by her posture and lack of verbalism Brands can evoke strong emotions and memory associations from consul that ones negative perception of the brand as a result of taste or expert difficult for organizations to change.The research also illustrates that the association consumers hold with Red Bull is a positive one. Following Ex and Experiment 2, the results reflect the premise that the selected bran extensive brand salience with consumers and that if consumers are expo positive marketing, perceptions tend to remain. Red Bull is a superior BRB otherwise saturated energy drink category, posing increased competition riveter label beverages and other energy brands. By continuously impair strategic branding, firms can be certain that with these strategies, it will competitive edge within the business market.Brand management with industry is of utmost importance, as monopoly retailers continue to dicta brands to display on their shelves, minimizing consumer choice and the increasing competition within all product categories. The energy drinks exception, with consumers increasingly becoming more health conscious industry battling to remain competitive with an increasingly globalizes market. With the right brand strategies and managers to drive and imply strategies, one can be confident that Red Bull will continue to dominate energy market share. App endix Fig 7.

Columbus and Western Civilization Analyzation Essay

The four critical duties as a writer described in Rebecca Howards Writing Matters, ar your responsibility to your readers, your topic, other writers, and to yourself. Howard Zinn achieved these tasks by original, defining his target view of history. Howard did not want to tell the story of Columbus, in the same deflower overview that is most known to the multitudes. He desired to gaze at it from all directions, and determine the accuracy behind Columbuss story and how it should be perceived. Howard Zinn was a historian, who incidentally, had little knowledge of Columbus and his story. He plainly stated this from the beginning of his essay, explaining to the audience his credentials and intensions. Zinn collected his information from the diaries of the men who were truly there, to witness what took place.He made this known by quoting these witnesses, letting the reader know where he was obtaining his truths. He appears to see the duties of the historian and citizen as, to widen the spectrum of ideas, to take in young books, new approaches, new information, and new views of history. Once reading Columbus and Western Civilization, my view of Columbus hasnt changed much because, honestly, growing up, I dont memorialize much about Columbus and his journey. It is like Im learning of his journey for the first time.From what I can remember, Columbus story was one of the first I had been educated in school. From kindergarten, all through middle school, I never understood his nature or his motives, nor did I care at the time. In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. This quotation is the only piece of info I can remember about Columbus from my previous education. As far as I am concerned, Columbus was that of a national icon. He was a Hero, master of the seas, without his bravery and determination, our universe as we know it would never have been imaginable. It is a safe bet that none of would be here today if not for him and his determination.

Report of Maf 680

MAF 680 REPORT The problem faces by the Delima Enterprise Sdn. Bhd put up be solve if the community implement whatever sort of internal control condition system in all activities. A system of internal control consists of policies and procedures designed to provide management with reason suitable self-confidence that the comp some(prenominal) achieves its objectives and goals. Typically, there have three broad objectives in designing an effective internal control system, reliability of financial reporting, force and effectiveness of trading operations and residency with laws and regulations.Standard operational Procedure (SOP) is virtuoso of the internal control systems that can be implemented by the comp any. A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is a set of written instructions that papers a routine or repetitive activity followed by an organization. The development and use of sop be an integral part of a successful tone system as it provides individuals with the infor mation to perform a job properly, and facilitates consistency in the quality and integrity of a product or end-result.The term SOP whitethorn non al ports be appropriate and terms such(prenominal) as protocols, instructions, worksheets, and testing ground operating procedures may also be used. standing operating procedure will detail the regularly recurring work processes that are to be conducted or followed within an organization. They document the way the activities are to be performed in order to facilitate consistent conformance to technical and quality system requirements and to support data quality. They may describe, for example, heavy programmatic actions and technical actions such as analytical processes, and processes for holding, calibrating, and using equipment. standard operating procedure are intended to be specific to the organization or facility whose activities are described and service that organization to maintain their quality control and quality assurance p rocesses and ensure compliance with governmental regulations. SOPs should be written and documented properly for light(a) use and refer. If not, SOPs are of limited value. In addition, the best written SOPs also fail if they are not followed. Therefore, the use of SOPs postulate to be reviewed and re- implemented by management, preferably the direct supervisor.Furtherto a greater extent, the written SOPs should be put in place that is easy to see mostly for individuals who contain directly in the activities. In preparing the SOPs, the company should have a procedure in place for determining what procedures or processes need to be documented first. Those SOPs should then be written by individuals knowledgeable with the activity and the companys internal structure. For example, in the case of Delima, Puan Balqis or Encik Salam should be the suitable individual for this task. The other way is, they can also create a group or team for preparing SOPs.By using SOPs, the Delima should be able to prevent the mistake as well as errors in performing the operations. In terms of sales, for example, the employee will know what to do from the time of receiving orders until producing the invoice even if he or she do have any special skills in that area. Hence, SOPs should be prepared in a simple way, so that, individuals with basic understanding can understand. other internal control that can be implementing by Delima Enterprise is Segregation of Duties. Segregation of duties is a thought of having more than one somebody to complete the task.It is essentially to have one person handle only one type of task or power. Segregation of duties is critical to effective internal control because it reduces the endangerment of mistakes and inappropriate actions. It helps constrict fraud by discouraging collusion. Example of segregation of duties such as the person who requisitions the purchase of goods or services should not be the person who approves the purchase. Regarding the Delima case, Puan Hashimah is accountable for approval of employees timesheet as well as payment of salaries.Supposedly, she only given the approval of the timesheet only, and the payment should be done by other person such as human resource personnel. So, when Delima implementing a proper internal control system as mention above, its can prevents and rescind any major(ip) mistake happens. Because, SOPs for example, it has given the instruction about the procedures to be done. Also, when implementing the segregation of duties or powers it can prevent a person from able to do frauds because the concept of one person with one task only AGMCORPORATE GOVERNANCE Cik Amy do not have enoughknowledge and experience inher field of work. caller-out should provideguidance and raising to newemployees. Management should hiresomeone that is adequate indoing his work. NO STANDARD OPERATINGPROCEDURE (SOP) Withdrawal of companysmoney made without properdocumentation. Decision and author izationmade by the directors on itsown without properdocumentation It will increase the risk of fraudand inconsistency in performingtask Give the attender hard time tokeep track of the transactionand movement of asset. Delima should implement standardoperating procedure (SOP) Increase efficiency andconsistence in performing task Indicate compliance in theentity requirements and can beused to train others LACK OF COMPETENCY Head of department leaded byunqualified cater Does not spend on training of lag drop companyperformance as a whole Discredit the companyreputation Spend more on training toequip employee with properknowledge Should hire qualified staff thathave experience Employees manually preparedtheir timesheets. No staff in haste and monitoremployee attendance. Staff take advantage overthe slackness Decrease in companyperformance Install automated timeattendance5 CS CREDITWORTHINESSThe 5 key elements a borrowershould have in order to obtaincredit 1. Characte r a Integrity / a borrowers reputation 2. Capacity a companysborrowing history 3. Capital a Net worth 4. Collateral a Assets to securethe debt 5. Conditions a Of the borrowerand the overall economyEg. interest rate and amount of principalRECORDING Several assets purchased bythe company were notrecorded Every asset purchased must berecorded manually andcomputerized. Assign person(s) to beresponsible for the companyassets. hit an Asset ManagementDivision. Propose the Asset TaggingSystem. LEAN ORGANIZATION Lean organization with basicfunctional position Position & function should beclarified clearly. ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION Did not meet academicqualification or relevantexperience that required bythe company Hire people that have goodacademic qualifications &relevant experiences. STATUTORY AUDIT Company did not perform theStatutory Audit unaccompanied legal to customary ListedCompany. Not compulsory forPrivate Company to performS. A Private Companies may needto do so when applying forloans and etc from FinancialInstitutions. AUDITORS DUTIES ANDRESPONSIBILITIES Encik Zayed tried to negotiateauditor to make unqualifyreport mho 174(2)Express opinion in report (dutyto report defects, irregularitiesin account) Sec 174(3)Report particulars of deficiency, failure andshortcomingPROBLEM IN FINANCE DIVISION Invoice not pre-numbered Appoint new finance managerto fall out and supervise Company did not sendStatement of Account(SOA) toclient Not prepare monthlyreconciliation Use companys money forpersonal use No segregation of dutiesfinance department Separate duties accord towork position mark the separate legalentity conceptACCOUNTING SYSTEM MYOB Software not integrated Purchase new software Eg UBS, SAP Software,Ramcon Engineering,Autocount,etcPROBLEM IN HUMAN RESOURCEDIVISION Pay payoff weekly withoutemployees acquire Unqualified staff (lack of knowledge and experience) Lack of employees andunbalance staff allocation Pay wages in monthly b asisincluding EPF and Socso Provide training and seminarfor staff Assign more staffs withqualification And re-organise chartWere there any abuses of power bymanagement and breach of fiduciaryon the part of the directors? YESWho should be held responsible andaccountable?NOT ONLY DIRECTOR, ALLMANAGEMENT LEVEL SHOULDBE RESPONSIBLE ANDACCOUNTABLECould the Audit be completed soonwithout any qualification? Yes, the audit report can beclassified as qualified opinionreport due to severalunresolved issues. If theauditor audited the rest of thefinancial statements and isreasonably sure that theyconfirm with GenerallyAccepted Accounting Priciples(GAAP), then the auditorsimply states that the financialstatements are fairlypresented, with the exceptionof the issues which could notbe audited. What should be done to better theleadership and management of Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd? SUME JAWAPAN DIATASReport of Maf 680MAF 680 REPORT The problem faces by the Delima Enterprise Sdn. Bhd can be solv e if the company implement some sort of internal control system in all activities. A system of internal control consists of policies and procedures designed to provide management with reasonable assurance that the company achieves its objectives and goals. Typically, there have three broad objectives in designing an effective internal control system, reliability of financial reporting, efficiency and effectiveness of operations and compliance with laws and regulations.Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is one of the internal control systems that can be implemented by the company. A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is a set of written instructions that document a routine or repetitive activity followed by an organization. The development and use of SOPs are an integral part of a successful quality system as it provides individuals with the information to perform a job properly, and facilitates consistency in the quality and integrity of a product or end-result.The term SOP may not always be appropriate and terms such as protocols, instructions, worksheets, and laboratory operating procedures may also be used. SOPs will detail the regularly recurring work processes that are to be conducted or followed within an organization. They document the way the activities are to be performed in order to facilitate consistent conformance to technical and quality system requirements and to support data quality. They may describe, for example, fundamental programmatic actions and technical actions such as analytical processes, and processes for maintaining, calibrating, and using equipment.SOPs are intended to be specific to the organization or facility whose activities are described and assist that organization to maintain their quality control and quality assurance processes and ensure compliance with governmental regulations. SOPs should be written and documented properly for easy use and refer. If not, SOPs are of limited value. In addition, the best written SOPs also f ail if they are not followed. Therefore, the use of SOPs needs to be reviewed and re- enforced by management, preferably the direct supervisor.Furthermore, the written SOPs should be put in place that is easy to see mostly for individuals who involve directly in the activities. In preparing the SOPs, the company should have a procedure in place for determining what procedures or processes need to be documented first. Those SOPs should then be written by individuals knowledgeable with the activity and the companys internal structure. For example, in the case of Delima, Puan Balqis or Encik Salam should be the suitable person for this task. The other way is, they can also create a group or team for preparing SOPs.By using SOPs, the Delima should be able to prevent the mistake as well as errors in performing the operations. In terms of sales, for example, the employee will know what to do from the time of receiving orders until producing the invoice even if he or she do have any specia l skills in that area. Hence, SOPs should be prepared in a simple way, so that, individuals with basic understanding can understand. Another internal control that can be implementing by Delima Enterprise is Segregation of Duties. Segregation of duties is a concept of having more than one person to complete the task.It is basically to have one person handle only one type of task or power. Segregation of duties is critical to effective internal control because it reduces the risk of mistakes and inappropriate actions. It helps fight fraud by discouraging collusion. Example of segregation of duties such as the person who requisitions the purchase of goods or services should not be the person who approves the purchase. Regarding the Delima case, Puan Hashimah is responsible for approval of employees timesheet as well as payment of salaries.Supposedly, she only given the approval of the timesheet only, and the payment should be done by other person such as human resource personnel. So, w hen Delima implementing a proper internal control system as mention above, its can prevents and avoid any major mistake happens. Because, SOPs for example, it has given the instruction about the procedures to be done. Also, when implementing the segregation of duties or powers it can prevent a person from able to do frauds because the concept of one person with one task only AGMCORPORATE GOVERNANCE Cik Amy do not have enoughknowledge and experience inher field of work. Company should provideguidance and training to newemployees. Management should hiresomeone that is capable indoing his work. NO STANDARD OPERATINGPROCEDURE (SOP) Withdrawal of companysmoney made without properdocumentation. Decision and authorizationmade by the directors on itsown without properdocumentation It will increase the risk of fraudand inconsistency in performingtask Give the auditor hard time tokeep track of the transactionand movement of asset. Delima should implement standardoperating procedure (SOP ) Increase efficiency andconsistence in performing task Indicate compliance in theentity requirements and can beused to train others LACK OF COMPETENCY Head of department leaded byunqualified staff Does not spend on training of staff Decrease companyperformance as a whole Discredit the companyreputation Spend more on training toequip employee with properknowledge Should hire qualified staff thathave experience Employees manually preparedtheir timesheets. No staff in charge and monitoremployee attendance. Staff take advantage overthe slackness Decrease in companyperformance Install automated timeattendance5 CS CREDITWORTHINESSThe 5 key elements a borrowershould have in order to obtaincredit 1. Character a Integrity / a borrowers reputation 2. Capacity a companysborrowing history 3. Capital a Net worth 4. Collateral a Assets to securethe debt 5. Conditions a Of the borrowerand the overall economyEg. interest rate and amount of principalRECORDING Several assets purchased bythe company were notrecorded Every asset purchased must berecorded manually andcomputerized. Assign person(s) to beresponsible for the companyassets. Create an Asset ManagementDivision. Propose the Asset TaggingSystem. LEAN ORGANIZATION Lean organization with basicfunctional position Position & function should beclarified clearly. ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION Did not meet academicqualification or relevantexperience that required bythe company Hire people that have goodacademic qualifications &relevant experiences. STATUTORY AUDIT Company did not perform theStatutory Audit Only legal to Public ListedCompany. Not compulsory forPrivate Company to performS. A Private Companies may needto do so when applying forloans and etc from FinancialInstitutions. AUDITORS DUTIES ANDRESPONSIBILITIES Encik Zayed tried to negotiateauditor to make unqualifyreport Sec 174(2)Express opinion in report (dutyto report defects, irregularitiesin account) Sec 174(3)Report particulars of deficiency, fai lure andshortcomingPROBLEM IN FINANCE DIVISION Invoice not pre-numbered Appoint new finance managerto authorize and supervise Company did not sendStatement of Account(SOA) toclient Not prepare monthlyreconciliation Use companys money forpersonal use No segregation of dutiesfinance department Separate duties according towork position Emphasize the separate legalentity conceptACCOUNTING SYSTEM MYOB Software not integrated Purchase new software Eg UBS, SAP Software,Ramcon Engineering,Autocount,etcPROBLEM IN HUMAN RESOURCEDIVISION Pay wages weekly withoutemployees benefit Unqualified staff (lack of knowledge and experience) Lack of employees andunbalance staff allocation Pay wages in monthly basisincluding EPF and Socso Provide training and seminarfor staff Assign more staffs withqualification And re-organise chartWere there any abuses of power bymanagement and breach of fiduciaryon the part of the directors? YESWho should be held responsible andaccountable?NOT ONLY DIR ECTOR, ALLMANAGEMENT LEVEL SHOULDBE RESPONSIBLE ANDACCOUNTABLECould the Audit be completed soonwithout any qualification? Yes, the audit report can beclassified as qualified opinionreport due to severalunresolved issues. If theauditor audited the rest of thefinancial statements and isreasonably sure that theyconfirm with GenerallyAccepted Accounting Priciples(GAAP), then the auditorsimply states that the financialstatements are fairlypresented, with the exceptionof the issues which could notbe audited. What should be done to improve theleadership and management of Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd? SUME JAWAPAN DIATAS

Ecosystem Management of the Laurentian Great Lakes

Management of the Laurent enceinte Lakes Common among homunculuss implemented in environmental management is the driver- coerce-state-response concept. This graphic symbol of personate uses Indicators to quantify and simplify transfigures occurring in ingrained systems. Changes in the environment, according to this model, all originate from human activity which exert pressure or stress on the system. This model attempts to solve environmental crisis by determining the human activity creating the problem and responding to change with environmental and economic policies.In the 1 9705, Environment Canada reposed a model similar to this called the state-pressure-response model, that would be used to arbitrate environmental humps emerging throughout the Laurent with child(p) Lakes ecosystems. At this metre, the Great Lakes faced a number of ecosystem threats stemming from the mismanagement of fisheries, Industry and farming both in Canada and in the united supposes. Decision ma kers determined that a state- pressure-response model would more efficient in tackling the sheer number of environmental issues faced at the time, as this typecast of model focuses on handling specific stretch forths already present.Although this model was useful In reducing pressures by enforcing stricter environmental policies, it fails to consider environmental change all over time. It too fails to recognize the ecosystem as a whole as it targets each individual issue separately, giving no consideration as to how one Issue may be affecting or creating a nonher. State-pressure-response models simply look at environmental Issues already present, there is no degree of attempting to prevent and control environmental stress.Disregarding the possibility of environment change, and ignoring basic ecosystem concepts, creates greater issues hat exit only encompass to grow as climate change and population growth summate more stress to the lakes. Since the sasss, prevent-control mode ls redeem proven to be more effective in eradicating and decreasing issues present in the environment. For this reason, although a state-pressure- response model was productive in diminishing major ecological concerns of the Laurent Great Lakes in the sasss, a more holistic, prevent-control model Is collected to respond to present and future ecological concerns.Current Great Lake environmental management strategies assume the lake ecosystems are static not dynamic. Over the past thirty years of management, this assumption has lead to ramifications which will only continue to worsen as climate change Is expected to pose tender threats and changes to the environment. The degradation of wetlands in and around the Great Lakes is one of the ramifications of this assumption. Wetlands are the interface amid terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, therefore, management strategies must acknowledge environmental changes occurring In both ecosystems.Since the 1 9705, the Increase In alarm te mperature, frequency and duration of urine level changes, and the join on of inconsideration (Mortars, 2004). Without standardized analytical monitoring of environmental change, issues within Great Lake wetlands with only continue to emerge (Environment Canada Report, 2005). Ignorance to dynamic ecosystem concepts have also lead to the increase of reconciling pesticides in some areas (Environment Canada Report, 2005).This reinforces the need for monitoring environmental change rather than focusing only on issues present during the time the model is put into action. Looking into the future, the state-pressure-response model, which assumes lunatic stationary, will render inadequate as new issues emerge from climate change and arbitration. If governments continue to use a state-pressure-response model for the management of the lakes, many environmental changes will go undocumented and untreated, see Figure 1 in Appendix (Macdonald, 2009).Numerous studies have predicted that climate c hange is expected to significantly decrease body of water levels in lakes and streams throughout North America (Michele, 2007). Decreasing water levels in the Great Lakes will increase their vulnerability to toxic contaminates (Valiant, 2008). It would be greatly beneficial for environmental management models to already begin taking into account and monitoring these changes to lessen the effects of climate change. Stricter environmental policies for industries and farming practices should already be in consideration to prevent environmental concerns in the future.The environmental regulations that will need to be enforced will contract much thought as well, such as debates over using a cap and trade or other emissions cutback strategies to lessen industry emissions if is required. The kind of these issues are dealt with, the more equipped decision makers will be at solving future crises. Other future concerns pertaining to the increase of arbitration around the lakes, originall y Lake Ontario, will be another negative environmental factor needing monitoring and acknowledgement of ecosystem change.With arbitration it is expected that natural vegetation will be upstage and replaced with impermeable concrete surfaces which allow water to flow directly into river channels, increasing sedimentation and pollutants in runoff (Foote, 1996). Sedimentation describes the process of depositing sediment or gravel. An increase in this process will have effects felt by the entire ecosystem. Domestic water supply will be contaminated and hang up sediment will have adverse effects on the growth of aquatic plant life as it decreases the light which is able to penetrate the water (UNESCO, 2011).Fish breeding grounds and feeding zones will also be effected by an increase in suspended sediment, thus threatening fish populations. another(prenominal) issue with arbitration will be the swell in atmospheric contaminates from industries, and increase in carbon dioxide from transp ortation use (Science Daily, 2008). Both environmental concerns will need to be monitored and regulated if governments are o establish efficient and effective environmental management strategies for the future.Before arbitration and climate change present galactic environmental issues, governments need to consider models which recognize the environment as being in a constant state of change which will come along little monitoring of the lakes. Another consideration is the use of a holistic model, quite unlike the model sasss, when management decisions were being made on the Great Lakes, State of the Great Lakes Conference (SOLES) developed an indicators utilizing framework to identify major concerns of the lakes at the time, see Figure 2 in Appendix (Mitchell, 2004).The issue with using indicators to remunerate environmental problems is that it ignores the complex relationships within the ecosystem. Earlier approaches to ecosystem management examined organisms in their ecosystem context, this was later altered to the study of an entire local system with all of its biochemistry (Mitchell, 2004). SOLES has failed to adapt the new method of ecosystem management which better explains, what and why things are happening in the ecosystem. In the early sasss, excessive recreational boating activity and shipping on the lakes lead to the introduction of a handful of invasive species.The most ecologically harmful being invasive species Addressed polymorph (zebra mussels), which has eliminated the native clam population in Lake Ontario, see Figure 3 in Appendix (Griffith, 1991). Following the state-pressure-response model, it was identified that ballast water discharge from transoceanic vessels was a major contributor to this problem. However, it was not until later that scientists began to notice the effect of this population on that of the native clam (Olden, 2008).This proves that the disconnect of species to species interaction assumed in the model will only expi ry in unpredicted, complex ecological concerns which arise at a later time (Height et al, 2006). It is clear that an essential tool for lake management, are models that describe in position the lake ecosystem which studies both species and human interaction and species to species interaction. Typically with indicator utilizing frameworks, like that of the state-pressure- response model, environmental management efforts are enforced only when an issues present themselves as a larger problem.In lake ecosystems, the alteration of water quality due to pollution tends to have a multiplying effect, as toxic activity accumulates over time (Ultras, 2005). Since state-pressure-response models do not exist without indicators, it is only until there is a larger scale ecosystem consequence that environmental investigation is undertaken. Once investigation begins, indemnifying the pressure or effect creating an issue is complex, and thus, additional time is taken before any action is seen to me diate the problem.Essentially, this model waits for a problem to reach crisis portions before action is taken (Berger, 997). In some cases, environmental responses to human activity cannot be linked to specific stresses (Berger, 1997). This is especially true when targeting point and non- point source pollution. Point and non-point source are the categories which define the main types of pollution. The first being a single identifiable localized source and the second source generally unidentifiable, such as runoff from farmland.In some areas of Lake Ontario, there are hundreds of industries and farms bordering the shoreline. Their by-products (being emissions and runoff inputs to the system are official to identify, and it becomes impossible in some cases to then identify the cause (Berger, 1997). However, the purpose of the state-pressure-response model is to recognize the source and create environmental policies to control the problem. If the source is not found, this will not hap pen and the problem will continue to grow. Therefore, ecosystem management models need to achieve some degree of rather than unanswered problems.Prevent-control models are needed if current and future ecological concerns of the Great Lakes are to be handled intelligently and in a time appropriate manner. Over the past twenty years, there has been a nationwide use of prevent-control models, which operate quite differently than state-pressure-response models. Prevent-control models are aimed to decoct the amount of environmental issues that arise by diligent monitoring of systems and science inspired decision making. An excellent example of this type of model is the prevention of the spreadhead of the southern pine beetle in western Canada.In some areas, a direct control and preventative management practice requiring the removal of tree stands, cognize as a cut and remove, have been used (Billings et al, 2007). Although this type of method squires quite accurate and risky decision making, the difference between this model and the state-pressure-response model is astronomical in terms of maintaining ecosystem integrity. The application of a prevent and control model has been used around the Great Lakes area in efforts of counteracting the spread of non-native species from the Great Lakes into other watersheds (Cook and Williamsburg, 2001).This model is known as an on-the-ground management, meaning that there is extensive monitoring at these water bodies. This type of management is dependent upon a critical understanding of ecosystem dynamics. Scientists first determine if a site is viable for a colony to reach, and then examines its possible success and impact potential. Thus far, this model have been successful in controlling the spread of the hundreds of non-native species from the Great Lakes into its neighboring water systems. This model can easily be adapted into the management of the Great Lakes.Although this type of model requires an extraordinary amou nt of effort from the scientific community, the expertise are already there and the environmental benefits would be well worth the effort. Human pressure on the Great Lakes is quite extensive, ND a result, lake ecosystems are unable to operate in a self-sustaining manner due to the interference or changes that exceed their capacity for self-repair (Ultras, 2005). It is essential that models in effect prevent and control environmental issues of the Great Lake to ensure irreversible damage is avoided, even if this means more funding towards monitoring and scientific expertise.To mange present and future environmental concerns of the Great Lakes, decision makers must discard the old pressure-state-response model and replace it with a holistic, prevent-control model. These types of models encourage strategic, analytical monitoring that will solve many issues in the management of the Great Lakes faced today, with the current state-pressure-response method. Monitoring ensures the document ation of ecosystem changes which will be key in the future for determining climate change effects.

Health care challenges Essay

Our country is set to see a rude(a) counselling of managing health which could potentially change the environment on how nurses deliver care. As our nation prepares for the implementation of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, nursing as a healing profession has to be open to what the future of health management holds. The goal is to have all registered nurses reach a high take aim of understanding and acquire tools necessary to provide the best possible way at a low cost. It is both moral and professional obligation of our leadershiphip to ensure that highly competent and well trained nurses are available throughout this transition.To achieve this goal, nurse educators are the key players to train both noviciate and seasoned nurses to the change based on the new policies and evidence-based research. However, our Nurse Educators are overwhelmed with their current workload hence causing faculty dearth in the country.A recent study published on 2011 aimed to explore the relation of nursing faculty shortage to their workload, determine if there are evidences that the faculty workload is not equitable and the implication/effect to the nursing research and nursing academic. According to this study, there are multiple factors that influence the nursing faculty shortage such(prenominal) as lack of interest from the nurses to try academic careers, time spends to clinical practice defers pursuance into academic positions, low salaries, high procreational costs, nursing education dissatisfaction and most importantly low institutional keep for additional nurse educator positions.Nancy Falk stated in her article that despite current critical shortage and growing demand for nurses and nurse educators, federal funding falls far short of addressing these healthcare workforce challenges. Workforce projections suggest that the US will face a shortage of 285,000 nurses by 2015 and 500, 000 by 2025. (Mason, Leavitt & Chaffee, 2012, p 58). Also, American Associat ion Colleges of Nursing reported on 2011-2012, that nursing schools turned away 75,587 applicants who are pendent for baccalaureate and graduate nursing courses because of inadequate nursing faculty including clinical preceptors.These challenges ultimately impact the future of patient care if not addressed. Faculty leaders must work in partnership to create a strategy that will help prevent further faculty shortage by focusing on balanced faculty workload to avoid burnout. This article emphasized on the continuous support by government officials especially adequate funding to nursing education.AACN is allocating its resources to protect federal funding for academic development programs, identify strategies to prevent nursing educator shortage. Additional solution is to create a mentorship program for nurse faculty. This strategy was confirmed by various literature and studies to promote nursing faculty recruitment and retention. Mentorship brings encouragement and direction to cl inical educators who are new to the role and prevent burnout.Health care system will be lost without nurses in our society. Statistic shows that there are currently 2.9 million nurses in the join States but nurses with special skills such as in education is extremely needed. Nurse Educators, in some ways, affect the lives of everyone. It is through this role where highly competent, sorrow healers such as nurses are produced. The future of the nursing profession depends on a steady supply of nurses to provide the quality care to patients (Cowen & Moorhead, 2011, p. 60)

African American Museum Essay

I firmly believe that the point of visiting a museum is to educate one on how things in one case were in the past through its display of artifacts, exhibits, art, cultural objects, etc. Its purpose is to let you imagine what it was like during a time you were not a spark of or, in some cases, allow you to look back at a time you were apart of when you were rattling young. The African-American Museum of Long Island did a great job at presenting some of the many African-American contributions to society. In addition to presenting contributions from the African-American community, the museum was able to show us some of the struggle they were required to overcome as well.My darling possession of the museum was Scott Joplins piano. Scott Joplin was dubbed the King of Ragtime during his musical career. I entangle that it was so cool they somehow were able to get their hands on that piano. When I asked my tour-guide the value of the piano she told me that it was invaluable and that nobo dy can put a number on it. The only way to determine its value is to put it through an auction and see how much collectors are willing to pay for it. I think the reason for that is because its such an important part of African-American history. How could you put a value on that? I feel it would be impossible to. Another part of the museum I really enjoyed was the wall painting that an African-American carved out of a tree. The mural was his interpretation of the history of African-Americans. In the beginning it showed how they were all peaceful in Africa and their lives before they ended up being taken into slavery. In the nigh section of the mural it showed how they were forced into slavery, it even showed other African-Americans taking part of the slave trade which is something I, and probably a lot of individuals, never knew.The last part of the mural showed African-Americans in a pretty successful state in nice, fancy suits around family members overlooking the past. I interpr eted the last part of the mural as African-American life finally starting to get better with them remembering the past and admiring their ancestors for their struggles to get them where they are. I could not believe how detailed a person could make a mural like that out of a tree. It was truly amazing. I can not imagine the time and dedication that person put into it. I am sure they are proud of where it is being displayed.The main exhibit was filled with many beautiful paintings by Ernani Silva. These paintings were meant to portray African-American life in Rio de Janiero, Brazil. These paintings were unlike any other paintings I call for seen. They sort of came off the display to the point where I wanted to touch them so badly because it was really cool. However, I thought it was best if I did not touch anything in there. My favorite painting in this room was the painting of the discern band playing music in the streets with a crowd around them. This painting revealed some of t he Brazilian culture and how they were forced to practice it on the streets because they were plenty trying to suppress their beautiful culture. In the room next door, they had a nice exhibit of Rosa Parks that showed the role she played in the courteous Rights Movement with what she went through when she infamously would not give up her seat in the white section of the bus. It also showed how it ended up leading to the famous capital of Alabama Bus Boycott. I thought the coolest part of this exhibit was the fact that it had the only known picture of Rosa Parks with her husband together. Not that it has any historic value, but I thought they were a great couple and that they looked very happy together. Another interesting was the painting called The Door of No Return.This was a painting of an open door from a slave ship when they arrived in America. The door led to the fate of the African-Americans which was the harsh conditions and treatment they were about to endure on the cotto n plantations. In addition, there was another painting right next to The Door of No Return that showed how the African-American slaves were packed into the slave ships. They literally would have had more room in a coffin than they did on the slave ships. This was the reason why so many African-Americans died on the ships because of disease.I really felt that I learned a lot at my trip to the African-American museum. I enjoyed my time there a lot because my tour-guide was extremely informational and my brother and I were able to interact freely with her. I was able to see some artwork and other cultural displays that I thoroughly enjoyed. The people who worked there were very friendly and spoke to us about our African-American classes we are currently taking. I am happy I had the opportunity to visit this museum.

Business Environment in India

India Business environ workforcet Analysis MNGT375. 102 Inter solid groundal Business Fall 2009 Thursday 630PM Mr. Dennis L. Noah By Brandon Barrett Andrew Murphy I. General Characteristics of the Country The countrys terrain varies by region. The re like a shotned Himalayas lie to the North while highland plains occupy the s fall outh, home to the Deccan Pla tea leafu. The western conveys a different terrain bringing bountiful deserts. As a result of the terrain varying from region to region the climate follows suite. In the south the climate is tropic except abject northward it becomes to a greater extent tempe count. ,000 km of coastline c all all over Indias borders making it very accessible. The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal allow water exile to be done easily for close of the country. The country has a nearwhat established infrastructure. The infrastructure does not support its 1 billion plus multitude properly but despite that its infrastructure is sufficient f or the short run and leave behinding unless improve in the future. Telecommunications in recent years has experience significant expansion due to the deregulation of telecommunication laws. The cellular serve well labor is experiencing extremely rapid induceth.However the telephone density is merely 40 out of 100 people across the state. on that point atomic number 18 a total of 81 million internet users which is a huge untapped securities industry available. There atomic number 18 349 airports in all of India. 250 of these airports provoke paved runways however the otherwise 99 airports runways are unpaved. There is 63,327 km of railways passim the country which is a very established railway system. There is 3,316,452 km of established roadways in India which is the second largest amount for any country in the world. There are 53 national highways which carry a majority portion of the traffic.In addition to roads, there is 14,500 km of waterways mainly in rivers and canals in India. India contains 11 major seaports The conditions at bottom India are not the finest. India is a premier destination and source of human trafficking for commercial sexual abuse and forced labor. Men, women, and even children are exploited and forced to work on mills, factories, and women are forced to marry unwillingly. India is also the worlds largest driver of Opium for pharmaceutical purposes however an undetermined but high rate is also illicitly essential.Despite obvious obstacles in Indias current sparing system, the potential for this untapped market is infinite and an intelligent investiture for umteen multinational corporations. II. Political & Legal Environment The system of government in 23 states closely resembles the federal system heart (Political structure, 2009). However, seven Union territories in the country are administered by the President. The Chief Minister (CM) of a state government has the executive powers while the Governor, elected by the President, is the head of administrator (Indias politics, 2009).The Council of Ministers of a state is lead by the CM and is responsible to the elected legislative hookup of the state just like the federal government (Political structure, 2009). The court is independent of the executive in India. The commanding Court (SC) is the apex court in the country. The High Court stands at the head courts of the states. Each state is carve up into discriminatory districts presided over by a district and sessions judge, who is the highest judicial authority in a district (Indias politics, 2009). There are courts of civil jurisdiction, known in different states as munsifs, sub-judges, civil judges and the like.Similarly, criminal judiciary comprises chief judicial magistrate and judicial magistrates of first and second class (Indias politics, 2009). Corruption has gone down pat(p) in India due to transparency, reformed and free judicial system (Country profile India, 2009). The Su preme Court is supreme it has master copy, appellate and advisory jurisdiction (Daniel, 2004). Its exclusive original jurisdiction extends to all disputes between the Union and one or more states or between deuce or more states and protects the Fundamental Rights of people (Indias politics, 2009).The Supreme court has 25 justices and one Chief Justice (CJ) appointed by the President and hold the office till the age of 75 years (Indias politics, 2009). It does not deal with criminal cases (Daniel, 2004). III. scotchal Environment Despite economic woes that swept through the United States, and in turn the rest of the world in mid-2008 India has brave the storm while outpacing recovery relative to many other developed and emerging nations. Year to date the Bombay Stock Exchange subtle cap business leader has outperformed the S 500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average by over 100%. Appendix A) Financial markets have recovered at an unprecedented pace however, key and economic indicat ors suggest this rally is fueled by massive injections of liquidly, government intervention, and quantitative easing therefore deeming growth unsustainable. spell evidence from pecuniary, pecuniary, and economic insurance globally suggest a double-dip recession is palpable consumption between the Old World (US, occidental Europe, Japan) & juvenile World (Total World minus US, Western Europe, Japan) has changed. Currently emerging markets are expanding and consuming more than developed economics.Contrary to prior trends, OPECs largest customers now lie within emerging economies, and China is now the main consumer of Asian goods not the United States. India is poised to exponentially contribute towards New World growth driven by a free-market democracy, emerging eye class, capitalistic mindset, early days English-speaking entrepreneurial population, and large inflows of contrary direct investment. (Market Commentary Report, Marc Faber) According to Citi Emerging Markets out exa mine nominal GDP in US$ bn was 1175. 0 in FY08 compared to 913. 5 a year before. Real GDP yoy growth was 9. 0% in FY08, and is anticipate to contract to 6. 7 in FY09 and steady grow back to 8% yoyby FY12. Real imports and exports are expected to grow by 17. 9% and 12. 8% respectively in FY09. While imports and exports have experienced negative growth over the past few months the trade balance has narrowed to US $5 bn. Over the next year expected higher(prenominal) oil prices should impact Indias external account considering they import 70% of their crude oil. Majority of GDP growth is driven internally so the nation is less depended on export growth than other countries. Indias current account is expected to be US -$43. 7 bn exports will make up 169. bn while imports were 286. 5 bn. The current account in FY08 represented 1. 5% of GDP, and is expected to be 3. 8% in FY09. Foreign direct investment was US 15. 4 bn in FY08, and is expected to grow to 20 bn in FY09. According to Citi Investment research public debt should be reduced by US $200M this year. originally 1992 the Indian central government exercised tight control over foreign- commutation transactions and investment. From 1975-1992 Indian authorities managed a floating permute rate system in which the rupee was pegged against a weighted basket of currencies similar to special drawing rights from the IMF.In March 1993 a free-floating exchange rate system was implemented. In similitude to other exchange rates the INR/USD has been less volatile. In Q2 2008 the exchange rate was 43 rupees for 1 U. S dollar, shortly 1 U. S dollar give ins 46. 44 rupees. In the past year the U. S dollar has appreciated against the rupee however, long-term we believe the U. S dollar will depreciate against most currencies. elaborateness of the United States balance sheet and monetary base suggests over the next few years the influx of dollars in circulation will devalue our currency and eventually lead to inflation.Ope rating a manufacturing facility in India does pose some exchange rate risk, but in the long run divesting some operations international may append an inflation hedge. If the rupee does appreciate against the U. S dollar as expected the facility in India could use their rupee scratch and cash flow to purchase raw materials at a discount and retain earnings in a currency that will hold its value, and yield more purchasing power when converted back to U. S dollars in the future.Foreign capital investment also experienced deregulation with a lazzi-faire nestle during the same period. Prior to July 1991 the central government of India followed the Foreign-Exchange Regulation profess. This act required all foreign capital be granted approval by Indias government later on the new foreign investment insurance was announced, automatic approval was prescribed for 34 industries deemed high priority with an equity limit of 51%. In regards to ownership, after elections earlier this year Indias foreign investment policy has become even more deregulated.According to the Ministry of Finance the upper take of foreign ownership has been raised from 51% to 74% and in some cases to a 100%. The finance minister announced the governments load to a 90-day period for approving all foreign investment. Government officers will be assigned to larger foreign investment proposals and will facilitate central and States clearances in a time-bound manner. (Foreign Investment Policy, Ministry of Finance) Other recent policy changes have been developed to provide incentives for foreign dissolute participation within India.Indias most recent foreign investment policy on the Ministry of Finance website indicates the ban against using foreign brand names/ trademarks has been lifted, the corporate value rate for foreign companies was reduced to 55% from 65% (domestic tax rate is 40%), long-term capital gains rates were lowered to 20% for foreign firms, and the Indian Income Tax Act exempts export earnings from corporate income tax for both Indian and foreign firms.India has a three-tier tax structure in which majority of taxes are indirect such(prenominal) as exchanges, value added, and goods and services tax. Intellectual property rights are also regulated the Embassy of India posts in their policy statement that there is a well-e stablished statutory, administrative and judicial framework to safeguard intellectual property rights in India, whether they relate to patents, trademarks, copyright or industrial designs. Intellectual Property Rights in India, Embassy of India) India has become a developed market score the Bombay Stock Exchange is the largest in South Asia, and the 12th largest in the world with a market capitalization of US 1. 79 trillion. With the oldest exchange in Asia and a developed regulatory framework the nation also has a wealth of trade organizations and business associations to set standards and polices for various industries. Currentl y India has some(prenominal) hundred industry trade associations ranging from Ahmedabad electric caral Merchants & Contractors Association to the Wood Furniture Makers Association.The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and perseverance and the Confederation of Indian Industry can be valuable government organizations when researching various compliance regulations and associations related to your firms industry. According the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry website there is a Manufacturing Committee aimed at making the industry globally competitive while indentifying possible risks and threats faced by the celestial sphere. Firms manufacturing small household appliances would join the Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers Association (IEEMA). Founded in 1948, Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers Association (IEEMA) is the representative national organization of manufacturers of electrical, professional electronics and allied equi pment having over 550 members, Whose combined annual turnover is over Rs. 1,00,000 croresi. e. US $ 22 billion. (About Us, IEEMA. org) The Southern India Engineering Manufacturers Association (SIEMA) might also be a valuable association to join which aims at protecting the interests of technology companies.The Focus on the Global South organization indicates India currently has nine main regional trade agreements, and has 18 more under negotiation. Operational agreements imply Agreement on South Asian Free Trade Area, Asia Pacific Trade Agreement, Bangladesh India Amended Trade Agreement, Bhutan-India Agreement on Trade, India-Maldives Trade Agreement, India-Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement, India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement, India-Thailand Free Trade Agreement, and the Indo-Nepal Treaty of Trade.The most recent agreement was signed in 1992, and all have a scope on the trade in goods however agreements currently in negotiation focus on goods, services, i nvestment, and economic cooperation. (Overview, Focus on the Global South) On par with many other emerging countries, Indias main industries are in the agriculture, service, and industrial sphere of influences. particularisedally the retail sector is the largest industry and the second largest employer after agriculture which accounts for most 60% of the population. Press Releases, Department of Commerce) India recently has been a premier outsourcing destination because of its low- embody but skilled and educated labor. The information technology and software sector has been successful in developing a global footprint with a slew of small business servicing niche areas in the IT market. Examples include firms that provide supply chain management, CRM, and turnkey solutions to specific industries. India is also on the technological frontier with companies leading the way in smartcard and RFID development and implementation.The largest company in India is doctrine Industries which operates in the oil and gas industry however, it has become a major conglomerate with a market value of US 91. 53 mi. (Indias 40 Largest Companies, Forbes) The companys activities span from exploration and production of oil and gas to petroleum refining and marketing, petrochemicals (polyester, fibre intermediates, plastics and chemicals), textiles, retail and special economic zones. (About Us, Reliance Industris) Second, is vegetable oil & Natural Gas Company with a market value of US 61. 1 mi then the State Bank of India with US 24. 09 mi and assets of US 188,565 mi. In emerging and developing countries its normal for oil & gas, financial, and utilities companies to be the largest, because they shit the foundation for growth and stability. Indias economy can only grow as fast as the financial and banking sector expands and the infrastructure that supports power, communication, and ne 2rking firsts needs to be in place before a modern market place can develop. Historical and pre sent day, India is still considered a country with high governmental and terror risks.Recently attacks in Mumbai and tensions with Pakistan have caused some turbulence in financial markets however, any organization with a long-term focus should not be readily concerned about political and economic risk because India is only bound to benefit from democracy, growth, and deregulation that benefits free-markets and trade. Geopolitical threats are concerning, but from a U. S standpoint the situation is not any better considering were in two wars. Divesting some operations in India could actually serve as a political and economic hedge reducing our expo real to specific threats the United States may experience.According to the Transparency Internationals Corruption Perception Index of 2009, India ranked 84th out of a 180 countries with a score of 3. 4 out of 10. While India does not rank well on the CPI index it is still at the top of all South Asian countries. According to New Delhi mos t corruption lies in bribes and speed money to low-level public officials to speed things up. Following general elections on May 13, 2009, the Indian guinea pig Congress won 206 seats an additional 61 from before. The Indian National Congress represented 28. 5% of the vote following the Bharatiya Janata Party with 18. 80%. (Election rush of India) Both major parties represent different alliances the United Progressive Alliance and the National Democratic Alliance. The United Progressive Alliance is said to lean more on the left side of the political spectrum with heartyist and communist ideologies however, the finance minister has made it clear through economic reforms that reflect a market-based economy works best. Attention needs to be given to the apprehension between Indias governments and the finance ministers economic objectives.Nonetheless, policies have recently act to favor a free market speak to. Last February the Indian government introduced its Union Budget for 2009 -2010 which aimed at economic revival from the global slowdown. Three fiscal stimulus packages in the form of tax relief and increased expenditure on public projects along with RBI taking a number of monetary easing and liquidity enhancing measures were introduced. (Union Budget, New Delhi) Indias economy along with many others needs to adjust to a new economic landscape which includes Asias economic surge, Americas decline, and regional agreements.The stimulus packages are used to fuel growth rates in gross domestic product while creating derive maximizing incentives and protection for various industries. While Indias regulatory framework is still undergoing major development in terms of trade and economic policy they also have made exponential progress. The nation is growing at over 1. 5% yoy with a rapidly emerging middle class which will drive consumerism in years to come. India is moving forward in the right direction by encouraging investment and ensuing political stability. We have a positive outlook and believe the current environment could be beneficial in minimizing the initial injection of capital to start operations. IV. Cultural and Socioeconomic Environment Religion and culture plays an burning(prenominal) role in social relations and business in India. Traditional Indian society is defined by relatively strict social power structure. The influences of Hinduism and the tradition of the caste system have created a culture that emphasizes established hierarchical relationships (Social Hierarchy, kwintessential, 2009).Every relationship has a clear- cut hierarchy that must be observed for the social order to be maintained. About 81. 4% of the population of India practice Hinduism, 12. 4% practice Islam. Other religions include Sikhism, Christianity, Buddhism and other religions (Background note, U. S Department of State). The Indian caste system describes the social restrictions and discrimination in India, in which social classes are defined by thousands of groups, often termed as Jatis or castes. Discrimination based on caste is officially il profound, but remains prevalent, especially in rural areas.However, the government has made strong efforts to minimise the importance of caste through active affirmative action and social policies (Society and Culture, Times of India, 2007). India has a high context culture, many things are left unsaid. They do not like to express no, be it verbally or non- verbally. Rather than disappoint you, for example, by express something isnt available, Indians will offer you the response that they think you require to hear. If terms such as Well see, I will try or possibly are employed then the chances are that they are saying no(Manners, RiddhiShah, 2005).Religion, education and social class all influence greetings in India. This is a hierarchical culture, so most senior persons or eldest are greeted first. vibe hands is common, especially in the large cities among the more educated who are accustomed to dealing with westerners. Men may shake hands with other men and women may shake hands with other women however there are seldom handshakes between men and women because of religious beliefs. They say Namaste by putting two palms together as a respectful greeting. Business cards are exchanged after the initial handshake and greeting.Using left hand to exchange business cards or gifts is considered disrespectful. It is also important to know that Hindus do not eat beef and Muslims do not eat pork (Meeting/ eat Etiquette, kwintessential, 2009). In Indian society, aggressiveness can often be interpreted as a sign of disrespect. This may lead to a complete insufficiency of communication and motivation on the part of the Indians. Criticism about an individuals ideas or work needs to be done constructively, without damaging that persons egoism (Doing Business in India, 2009).Hospitality is a key part of doing business in India most business discussions will not even beg in until tea is served and there has been some preliminary talk (Manners, Riddhi Shah, 2005). Indians prefer to do business with those they know. Relationships are built upon mutual trust and respect. In general, Indians prefer to have long-standing face-to-face relationships prior to doing business. It may be a good idea to go through a third party introduction. Labor is abundant in India. It is currently estimated to have a total workforce of 397 million where agricultural and allied sectors accounted for about 60 percentage of the total workforce.Only 28 million workers are employed in the organized sectors. Almost70 percent of the Indian workforce is under the age of 30, and 80 percent of the young people entering the workforce do not have high-school education or skills that are needed in the job market (Human Capital, 2009). With a majority of unskilled labor, many well-educated individuals within the ranks of the unemployed and under-employed, including technicians and engi neers, can also be found without much difficulty. One area of focus for both Indian and foreign investors has been on information technology.This sector has been described as the engine of growth of the Indian economy. The Indian software industry is growing at a rate of more than 50 percent a year, and the country appears to be on track to achieve IT exports of $50 billion by 2010. Approximately 10,000 Internet companies were established in India in 1999, and after years of experiencing a brain-drain effect, Indians are returning home to start and work for technology companies. However, labor shortages are beginning to occur at the highest levels of some service industries especially in IT enabled services (Human Capital, 2009).The numbers of persons with managerial and other white-collar skills are increasing as newly established management institutes begin to produce graduates. There are 5,114 industrial training institutes as well, which have a total capacity of around 742,000 s tudents, offering courses in engineering and non-engineering trades. Even for those graduates from professional disciplines, quality of education imparted is a major issue. Only 25% of engineers, 15% of finance, and accounting professionals and 10% of professionals with Indian degrees are suitable for work in multinationals companies (Globalization and education, 2008).It is important for an investor to meet topical anesthetic business community and start networking at Indian trade fairs to make the right connections. Local business consultants, government agencies and local US embassy also provide necessary information and assistance to start up a business there. It is also good to think of using a local agent or setting up your own office and take legal advice on regulations that may apply to the product or service. V. Industry Specific Information There are hundreds of hiddenly owned companies that make small motors in India but there are no public companies that manufacture th is product.Since private companies are not required to disclose their activities and financial information to the public, there no industry information available to us. There are at least(prenominal) 450 small motor manufacturers and suppliers in India (Electric Motors, India Mart). The existence of huge number of manufactures indicates that the small appliance industry is doing quite well. Some manufacturers sell their products within the country and some of them have extended their market to other countries.For instance, one of the largest manufacturers and suppliers of small motors in India, New Bharat Group, sells its products to at least 23 countries in Asia and Africa (Export, New Bharat Group). It will be one of the biggest competitors among many other competitors. Along with the economic growth and rapid urbanization, the Indian household appliances market has been growing each year. The household appliances market reflects the sale of six product sectors refrigeration appl iances, washing appliances, vacuum cleaners, dishwashers, room comfort appliances and cooking appliances. The Indian ousehold appliances market generated total revenues of $4. 8 billion in 2008. In 2013, the Indian household appliances market is forecasted to have a value of $7. 7 billion, an increase of 60. 7% since 2008 (Market Analysis, Datamonitor). It indicates that there is a possibility that the market size of electric motors in India will even get bigger. The availability of raw material suppliers is favorable to the small motor manufacturers because metal industry is one of the leading industries in Indian economy. Some other materials could be imported from neighboring country China as well (Electric Motors, Indiamart).VI. Benefits and liabilities of current situation Deciding where to locate copious activities for a manufacturing planet is a major business decision in which various risks need to be accessed to ensure the long-term strategic role of the firm and country a lign. In our case study we decided to own foreign production activities instead or outsourcing and developing a complete turnkey solution. While initial start-up cost and risk increase there is also a direct relationship between profitability. While production activities may already be organized, more focus must be placed on the logistics of the operation.How will the firm acquire materials? How is the mess strategic towards business processes? Our organization must look beyond firm specific and product factors that may effect production, and focus on political risk, exchange risk, market risk, etc. If our company begins developing small motors for the appliances we already sell, then our manufacturing planet will aid in making our company more vertically integrated. Being able to supply components required to build the finished product lowers cost, protects proprietary technology, and improves overall business efficiency and practice.Considering equity ownership varies among indus tries, our manufacturing facility will most likely have to be in conjunction with a local firm. However, considering the engineering and operational expertise, Indian firms that can provide a strategic alliance or joint venture may benefit our organization and business process. Labor capital is one of the main reasons U. S companies have outsourced operations to India. From a human resources perspective India has a young population thats educated and English speaking a manufacturing facility would have no problems acquiring college grads for anagement and engineering positions while also obtaining machinist and assembly line workers. The overall labor cost used in the production of appliances would be less in comparison to the United States and quality would not be sacrificed. International human resource management will play a vital role for the firm as a strategy needs to be implemented to get amalgamated to the host country through cultural, language, and practical training. A p artnership or strategic alliance will help our international labor relations an ability to develop a competitive advantage while enhancing bargaining power.Compensation would be based on equalizing the base profits in terms of purchasing power between the countries the standard of living in the home country would be on par for the host country. India with over 1. 1 billion people not only makes for a premier location to operate a manufacturing facility, but more importantly a mart for its appliances. Our firm has decided to implement a global standardization strategy that utilizes the local labor force. We feel this strategy is best for reaping cost reductions, economies of scale, and value added location economics.A global strategy would best serve our facility over a transnational or localization strategy because our product doesnt have to be tailored to tastes across different geographic markets. Considering differences in consumer tastes and preferences dont change much in what is required of appliances our manufacturing facility should be concentrate on achieving economies of scale and utilizing various distribution channels locally with strategic partnerships. India also has several resource endowments that will help in reducing cost of raw materials from accessibility and ease.In addition being close to raw materials required for production reduces transportation cost while shipping cost are also reduced from have a facility in the middle of Asia, the largest potential market. India has a developed and regulated political economy with an individualistic mentality. The nation has a democratic political system in which government officials are elected through the people either directly or indirectly. While political risk does exist given the controlling political party (United Progressive Alliance) drives from socialist and communist ideologies.However, the government is a democracy and the citizens realize a free-market approach is best for their socie ty thus we consider the government politically stable without the risk found in totalitarian regimes. The economic system in India is evolving and moving towards a market economy, but currently has the elements of a mixed economy with some regulatory restrictions. As the finance minister continues to enact polices that discourage government intervention and open up markets for trade and investment the economy is rapidly evolving into modern capitalistic system.Along with regulated and historically stable financial markets the legal system also has the framework necessary for protecting intellectual property and ownership. Business laws and incentives have been enacted to encourage foreign development and investment corporate tax rates have been reduced and equity ownership caps have increased. After accessing the political, economic, and legal environment we believe the potential return and value creation offsets the risk and possible implications faced by operating a facility in I ndia.Inherent with divesting operations internationally the host firm accepts a degree of translation, transaction, and economic exposure. However, given the fundamentals on the U. S dollar outlook in the economic environment section we believe future favorable exchange rate fluctuations will increase the value of our companys equities, assets, cash flow, and earnings. The caste system is still present in India, but the government has outlawed caste-based discrimination, and their social stratification allows for upward mobility.Considering socioeconomic factors bring production to India not only reduces cost, but will help our firm penetrate a potentially large marketplace as Indian consumers will be more likely to purchase products developed and produced in their home country. VII. Expectations of country competitiveness related to industry The household appliances market is rapidly expanding in emerging countries such as India and China where demand is driven by an emerging middl e class. In India it is expected by 2012 the middle class population will be size of our total population, around 300 million.The manufacturing industry specifically dealing with the production of small-motors is a saturated marketplace consisting of over 450 companies. Industry leaders include the New Bharat Group and Havells which supply small motors across Asia and Africa. Considering the concentration of firms in this segment it would in all probability be most beneficial for our company to partner with a retail distribution chain or technology firm that will be sure to add value while protecting our business processes. Our strategic lliance or joint venture would only be done if it was a government indispensability due to foreign investment regulations which it probably will. Given the pace of technological innovation and capital investment the industry is bound to experience heighten disputation and barriers to entry in India. Consolidation within the industry is unlikely i n the near term as sheer population growth and consumerism we expect will outpace the influx in supply. VIII. Itinerary The itinerary for our country visit can be found in Appendix D.